Item 1. BUSINESS

Amgen Inc. (including its subsidiaries, referred to as “Amgen,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) discovers, develops, manufactures and delivers innovative medicines to fight some of the world’s toughest diseases. Amgen focuses on areas of high unmet medical need and leverages its expertise to strive for solutions that dramatically improve people’s lives, while also reducing the social and economic burden of disease. We helped launch the biotechnology industry more than 40 years ago and have grown to be one of the world’s leading independent biotechnology companies. Our robust pipeline includes potential first-in-class medicines at all stages of development. We have a presence in approximately 100 countries worldwide.

Amgen was incorporated in California in 1980 and became a Delaware corporation in 1987. Amgen operates in one business segment: human therapeutics.

Significant Developments

Following is a summary of significant developments affecting our business that have occurred and that we have reported since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Acquisition of Horizon Therapeutics plc

In October 2023, we completed our acquisition of Horizon for $116.50 per share in cash, representing a total transaction price of $27.8 billion. Horizon is a global biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of medicines that address critical needs of patients impacted by rare, autoimmune and severe inflammatory diseases. The acquisition aligns with Amgen’s core strategy of delivering innovative medicines that make a significant difference for patients suffering from serious diseases and strengthens Amgen’s rare disease portfolio by adding first-in-class, early-in-lifecycle medicines, including TEPEZZA for thyroid eye disease (TED), KRYSTEXXA for chronic refractory gout and UPLIZNA for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. See Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our efforts to collaborate with or acquire other companies, products, or technology, and to integrate the operations of companies or to support the products or technology we have acquired, may not be successful, and may result in unanticipated costs, delays or failures to realize the benefits of the transactions.

Products/Pipeline

Tarlatamab

In October 2023, we announced results from the global Phase 2 DeLLphi-301 study, evaluating tarlatamab, an investigational delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) targeting BiTE® (bispecific T-cell engager) molecule, in patients with advanced stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who had failed two or more prior lines of treatment. With a median follow-up of 10.6 months, an intention-to-treat analysis that included 100 patients at the selected 10 mg dose, tarlatamab demonstrated an objective response rate (ORR; primary endpoint) of 40%. For key secondary endpoints, median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 4.9 months, and median overall survival (mOS) was 14.3 months. There were no new safety signals observed compared to the Phase 1 study. Additionally in October 2023, the FDA granted tarlatamab Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage SCLC with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.

In December 2023, we announced the FDA accepted and granted Priority Review for the Company’s BLA for tarlatamab, with a PDUFA date of June 12, 2024.

LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS

In December 2023, we announced that the FDA completed its review of our supplemental New Drug Application seeking full approval of LUMAKRAS, resulting in a Complete Response Letter. The review was based on the CodeBreaK 200 trial results for the treatment of adults with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The FDA also issued a new postmarketing requirement (PMR) for an additional confirmatory study to support full approval that will be completed no later than February 2028. Additionally, the FDA concluded that the dose comparison PMR issued at the time of LUMAKRAS’s accelerated approval has been fulfilled. LUMAKRAS at 960 mg once-daily will remain the dose for patients with KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC under accelerated approval.

In October 2023, we announced positive data from the global Phase 3 CodeBreaK 300 trial. This global Phase 3 study evaluated two doses of LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS (960 mg or 240 mg) in combination with Vectibix versus investigator’s choice of therapy (trifluridine and tipiracil, or regorafenib) in patients with chemorefractory G12C-mutated mCRC.

In June 2023, based on data from the previous CodeBreaK 101 study, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to LUMAKRAS in combination with Vectibix for the treatment of patients with metastatic KRAS G12C-mutated CRC, as determined by an FDA approved test, who have received prior chemotherapy.

Marketing, Distribution and Selected Marketed Products

The largest concentration of our sales and marketing forces is based in the United States and Europe. We also commercialize and market our products into other geographic territories, including Japan, China and other parts of Asia, Latin America and the Middle East by using our own affiliates, by acquiring existing third-party businesses or product rights or by collaborating with third parties. This international footprint allows us to deliver our medicines to more patients globally. See Business Relationships for our significant alliances. Whether we use our own sales and marketing forces or a third party’s services varies across these markets. Such use typically depends on several factors, including the nature of entry into the new market, the size of an opportunity and operational capabilities. Together with our collaborators, we market our products to healthcare providers, including physicians or their clinics, dialysis centers, hospitals and pharmacies.

In the United States, substantially all of our sales are to pharmaceutical wholesale distributors, which are the principal means of distributing our products to healthcare providers. We also market certain products through direct-to-consumer channels, including print, television and online media. For further discussion, see Government Regulation—Regulation in the United States—Regulation of Product Marketing and Promotion. Outside the United States, we sell principally to healthcare providers and/or pharmaceutical wholesale distributors depending on the distribution practice in each country. In the Asia Pacific region, we also sell our products in partnership with other companies, including Astellas Pharma Inc., BeiGene, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. and Kyowa Kirin.

Our product sales to three large wholesalers, McKesson Corporation, Cencora, Inc. (formerly AmerisourceBergen) and Cardinal Health, Inc., each individually accounted for more than 10% of total revenues for each of the years 2023, 2022 and 2021. On a combined basis, these wholesalers accounted for79%, 82% and 82% of worldwide gross revenues for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We monitor the financial condition of our larger customers and limit our credit exposure by setting credit limits and, in certain circumstances, by requiring letters of credit or obtaining credit insurance.

Our products are marketed around the world, with the United States as our largest market. The following chart shows our product sales by principal product, and the table below (dollar amounts in millions) shows product sales by geography for the years 2023, 2022 and 2021.

	2023				2022				2021
Product Sales by Geography:
U.S.	$	19,272	72	%	$	17,743	72	%	$	17,286	71	%
ROW	7,638		28	%	7,058		28	%	7,011		29	%
Total	$	26,910	100	%	$	24,801	100	%	$	24,297	100	%

____________

(1) TEPEZZA and KRYSTEXXA were acquired from our Horizon acquisition on October 6, 2023, and include product sales from the acquisition date through December 31, 2023.

(2) Consists of product sales of our non-principal products, as well as sales prior to the divestiture of our Bergamo and Gensenta subsidiaries in the second quarter of 2023 and fourth quarter of 2022, respectively.

Prolia

We market Prolia in many countries around the world. Prolia contains the same active ingredient as XGEVA but is approved for different indications, patient populations, dose and frequency of administration. Prolia was launched in the United States and Europe in 2010. In the United States, it is used primarily in the indication for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture and for treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture. In Europe, Prolia is used primarily for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at increased risk of fracture.

ENBREL

We market ENBREL, a tumor necrosis factor blocker, in the United States and Canada. ENBREL was launched in 1998 and is used primarily in indications for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis, patients with chronic moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy and patients with active psoriatic arthritis.

Otezla

We market Otezla, a small molecule that inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), in many countries around the world. Otezla was acquired from Bristol Myers Squibb Company in November 2019 after their acquisition of Celgene. Otezla is an oral therapy approved for the treatment of adults with plaque psoriasis across all severities (in the United States, Japan and Australia) and moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (in other global markets, including Europe), for adults with active psoriatic arthritis and for adults with oral ulcers associated with Behçet’s disease.

XGEVA

We market XGEVA in many countries around the world. XGEVA was launched in 2010 and is used primarily in the indication for prevention of skeletal-related events (pathological fracture, radiation to bone, spinal cord compression or surgery to bone) in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors and multiple myeloma.

Repatha

We market Repatha, a PCSK9 inhibitor, in many countries around the world. Repatha was launched in 2015 and is indicated to reduce the risks of myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary revascularization in adults with established CV disease. Repatha is also indicated to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in adults with primary hyperlipidemia, including heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH).

Nplate

We market Nplate in many countries around the world. Nplate was launched in 2008 and is indicated to treat thrombocytopenia in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who have had an insufficient response to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins or splenectomy.

KYPROLIS

We market KYPROLIS primarily in the United States and Europe. KYPROLIS was launched in 2012 and is indicated in combination with (i) dexamethasone, (ii) lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, (iii) daratumumab plus dexamethasone, (iv) daratumumab plus hyaluronidase-fihj plus dexamethasone, and (v) isatuximab plus dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one to three prior lines of therapy. It is also approved as a single agent for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received one or more previous therapies.

Aranesp

We market Aranesp primarily in the United States and Europe. Aranesp was launched in 2001 and is indicated to treat a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells (anemia) caused by chronic kidney disease (CKD) in both patients on dialysis and patients not on dialysis. Aranesp is also indicated for the treatment of anemia due to concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy in certain patients with nonmyeloid malignancies and when chemotherapy will be used for at least two months after starting Aranesp.

EVENITY

Together with our collaboration partners, we market EVENITY in many countries around the world. EVENITY was launched in the United States and Japan in 2019. In the United States, it is used in the indication for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk for fracture, defined as a history of osteoporotic fracture, or multiple risk factors for fracture; or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other available osteoporosis therapy. In Japan, EVENITY is used primarily in the indication for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at high risk of fracture.

Vectibix

We market Vectibix in many countries around the world. Vectibix was launched in 2006 and is indicated for the treatment of patients with wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC, cancer that has spread outside the colon and rectum). RAS status is determined by an FDA-approved test.

BLINCYTO

We market BLINCYTO in many countries around the world. BLINCYTO was launched in 2014 and has proven efficacy in a wide range of patients with CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including those who are MRD(–) or MRD(+) in frontline consolidation, and those with relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease. ALL is a cancer of the blood in which a particular kind of white blood cell is growing out of control.

TEPEZZA

Subsequent to the closing of our Horizon acquisition, we market TEPEZZA primarily in the United States. TEPEZZA is a fully human monoclonal antibody and a targeted inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) that is the first and only FDA approved medicine for the treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED). TED is a serious, progressive and vision-threatening rare autoimmune condition. While TED often occurs in people living with hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease, it is a distinct disease that is caused by autoantibodies activating an IGF-1R-mediated signaling complex on cells within the retro-orbital space. This leads to a cascade of negative effects, which may cause long-term, irreversible eye damage. As TED progresses, it causes serious damage, including proptosis (eye bulging), strabismus (misalignment of the eyes) and diplopia (double vision), and in some cases can lead to blindness. Historically, patients have had to live with TED until the inflammation subsides, after which they are often left with permanent and vision-impairing consequences and may require multiple surgeries that do not completely return the patient to their pre-disease state.

KRYSTEXXA

Subsequent to the closing of our Horizon acquisition, we market KRYSTEXXA in the United States. KRYSTEXXA is the first and only FDA-approved medicine for the treatment of chronic refractory gout. Chronic refractory gout occurs in patients who have failed to normalize serum uric acid (sUA) and whose signs and symptoms are inadequately controlled with conventional therapies, such as xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), at the maximum medically appropriate dose, or for whom these drugs are contraindicated.

Other Marketed Products

We also market a number of other products in various markets worldwide, including but not limited to Neulasta, MVASI, AMJEVITA/AMGEVITA, TEZSPIRE, Parsabiv, Aimovig, LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS, EPOGEN, KANJINTI, TAVNEOS, RAVICTI, UPLIZNA and PROCYSBI.

Patents

The following table lists our outstanding material patents for the indicated product by territory, general subject matter and latest expiry date. Certain of the European patents are subjects of supplemental protection certificates that provide additional protection for the products in certain European countries beyond the dates listed in the table. See footnotes to the patent table below.

One or more patents with the same or earlier expiry dates may fall under the same general subject matter and are not listed separately.

Product

Territory

General subject matter

Expiration

Prolia®/XGEVA® (denosumab)

U.S.

RANKL antibodies, including sequences

2/19/2025

Europe

RANKL antibodies, including sequences(1)

6/25/2022

Product

Territory

General subject matter

Expiration

Enbrel® (etanercept)

U.S.

Formulations and methods of preparing formulations

10/19/2037

U.S.

Fusion protein and pharmaceutical compositions

11/22/2028

U.S.

DNA encoding fusion protein and methods of making fusion protein

4/24/2029

Otezla® (apremilast)

U.S.

Compositions and compounds

2/16/2028

Europe

Compositions, compounds and methods of treatment(1)

3/20/2023

Repatha® (evolocumab)

U.S.

Antibodies(2)

8/22/2028

U.S.

Methods of treatment

11/22/2030

Europe

Compositions(1)

8/22/2028

Europe

Methods of treatment

5/10/2032

Europe

Formulation

5/3/2033

Nplate® (romiplostim)

U.S.

Formulation

2/12/2028

Europe

Thrombopoietic compounds(1)

10/22/2019

Europe

Formulation

4/20/2027

KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib)

U.S.

Compositions and compounds

12/7/2027

U.S.

Methods of treatment

4/14/2025

U.S.

Methods of making

5/8/2033

Europe

Compositions, compounds and methods of treatment(1)

12/7/2025

Aranesp® (darbepoetin alfa)

U.S.

Glycosylation analogs of erythropoietin proteins

5/15/2024

EVENITY® (romosozumab-aqqg)

U.S.

Antibodies

4/25/2026

U.S.

Methods of treatment

4/9/2033

U.S.

Formulation and methods of using formulation

5/11/2031

Europe

Antibodies(1)

4/28/2026

Europe

Methods of treatment

4/18/2032

Europe

Formulation and methods of using formulation

5/11/2031

BLINCYTO® (blinatumomab)

U.S.

Pharmaceutical compositions and bifunctional polypeptides

4/6/2030

U.S.

Method of administration

9/28/2027

Europe

Bifunctional polypeptides(1)

11/26/2024

Europe

Method of administration

11/6/2029

TEZSPIRE® (tezepelumab-ekko)

U.S.

Polypeptides(2)

2/3/2029

U.S.

Methods of treatment

8/23/2038

Europe

Polypeptides(1)

9/9/2028

TEPEZZA® (teprotumumab-trbw)

U.S.

IGF-1R antibodies(3)

3/3/2029

Parsabiv® (etelcalcetide)

U.S.

Compound and pharmaceutical composition

2/7/2031

U.S.

Formulation

6/27/2034

U.S.

Methods of making

8/9/2035

Europe

Compound and pharmaceutical composition(1)

7/29/2030

Europe

Formulation

6/27/2034

Aimovig® (erenumab-aooe)

U.S.

CGRP receptor antibodies

5/17/2032

U.S.

Methods of treatment

4/22/2036

U.S.

Compositions and pharmaceutical formulations

4/1/2039

Europe

CGRP receptor antibodies(1)

12/18/2029

Europe

Methods of treatment

8/10/2035

LUMAKRAS®/LUMYKRAS™ (sotorasib)

U.S.

Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions

5/21/2038

U.S.

Crystalline form, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment

5/20/2040

U.S.

Methods of treatment

9/15/2040

Europe

Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment

5/21/2038

KRYSTEXXA® (pegloticase)

U.S.

Polypeptides and pharmaceutical compositions

4/11/2026

U.S.

Methods of treatment

6/25/2030

TAVNEOS® (avacopan)

U.S.

Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions(2)

2/3/2031

U.S.

Crystalline and amorphous forms and pharmaceutical compositions

5/29/2041

UPLIZNA® (inebilizumab-cdon)

U.S.

CD19 antibodies and pharmaceutical compositions(2)

3/7/2030

Europe

CD19 antibodies, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment(1)

9/7/2027

(1)A European patent with this subject matter may also be entitled to supplemental protection in one or more countries in Europe, and the length of any such extension will vary by country. For example, supplementary protection certificates have been issued related to the indicated products for patents in at least the following countries:

• denosumab — France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, expiring in 2025

• apremilast — France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom expiring in 2028

• carfilzomib — France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom expiring in 2030

• evolocumab — France, expiring in 2030 and Spain and the United Kingdom, expiring in 2031

• romiplostim — France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, expiring in 2024

• romosozumab — France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, expiring in 2031

• blinatumomab — France, Germany, Italy and Spain, expiring in 2029

• erenumab — France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, expiring in 2033

• etelcalcetide — France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, expiring in 2031

• tezepelumab — France and Italy, expiring in 2033

• inebilizumab — Italy and Spain, expiring in 2032

(2)A patent with this subject matter may be entitled to patent term extension in the United States.

(3)We have biologic exclusivity in the United States covering teprotumumab-trbw that will expire in 2032.

Competition

We operate in a highly competitive environment. A number of our marketed products are indicated for disease areas in which other products or treatments are currently available or are being pursued by our competitors through R&D activities. Additionally, some competitor-marketed products target the same genetic pathways as our recently launched marketed products or are currently in development. This competition could impact the pricing and market share of our products. We continue to pursue ways of increasing the value of our medicines through innovations, which can include expanding the disease areas for which our products are indicated and finding new methods to make the delivery or manufacture of our medicines easier and less costly. Such activities can offer important opportunities for differentiation. We plan to continue pursuing innovation efforts to strengthen our competitive position. Such position may be based on, among other things, safety, efficacy, reliability, availability, patient convenience, delivery devices, price, reimbursement, access to and timing of market entry and patent position and expiration.

Certain of the existing patents on our principal products have expired, and we face new and increasing competition, including from biosimilars and generics. A biosimilar is another version of a biological product for which marketing approval is sought or has been obtained based on a demonstration that it is “highly similar” to the original reference product. We have experienced adverse effects from biosimilar competition on our originator product sales. Companies have launched versions of EPOGEN, NEUPOGEN, Neulasta and ENBREL (Canada only) with U.S. ENBREL biosimilars approved but not launched. Once multiple biosimilar versions of one of our originator products have launched, competition has intensified rapidly, resulting in greater net price declines for both the reference and the biosimilar products and a greater effect on product sales. See also Government Regulation—Regulation in the United States—Approval of Biosimilars.

We also have our own biosimilar products both in the United States and outside of U.S. markets that are competing against branded and biosimilar versions of our competitors’ products. In 2019, Amgen launched MVASI, a biosimilar to Avastin, and KANJINTI, a biosimilar to Herceptin; and in 2018, Amgen launched AMGEVITA, a biosimilar to HUMIRA, in markets outside the United States. In 2020, we launched AVSOLA, a biosimilar to Remicade; and in 2021, we launched RIABNI, a biosimilar to Rituxan. In 2023, we launched AMJEVITA, a biosimilar to HUMIRA, in the United States, and BEKEMV, a biosimilar to SOLIRIS, in the EU. Additionally, in 2023, Amgen received FDA approval for Wezlana, a biosimilar to STELARA, which we expect to launch in the United States in 2025. We expect additional biosimilar competition against both our branded and biosimilar products in the future across markets.

Although biosimilars compete on price, we believe many patients, providers and payers will continue to place high value on the reputation, supply reliability and safety of our products. As additional biosimilar competitors come to market, we will continue to leverage our global experience to distinguish against both branded and biosimilar competitors.

Although most of our products are biologics, some are small molecule products, including Otezla, KYPROLIS and LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS. Because the FDA approval process permits generic manufacturers to rely on the safety and efficacy data of the innovator product rather than having to conduct their own costly and time-consuming clinical trials, generic manufacturers can often develop and market their competing versions of our small molecule products at much lower prices. For example, following loss of exclusivity of patents directed to cinacalcet, the active ingredient in our small molecule calcimimetic Sensipar, we lost a significant share of the market and corresponding revenues in a very short period of time. See Part IV—Note 20, Contingencies and commitments, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The introduction of new products, the development of new processes or technologies by competitors or the emergence of new information about existing products may result in (i) increased competition for our marketed products, even for those protected by patents and/or (ii) reductions in the prices we receive from selling our products. In addition, the development of new treatment options or standards of care may reduce the use of our products or may limit the utility and application of ongoing clinical trials of our product candidates. (As used in this document, the term clinical trials may include prospective clinical trials, observational studies, registries and other studies.) See Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our products face substantial competition and our product candidates are also likely to face substantial competition and Item 1A. Risk Factors—We currently face competition from biosimilars and generics and expect to face increasing competition from biosimilars and generics in the future.

The following table reflects our significant competitors for our principal products and is not exhaustive.

Product

Territory

Competitor-marketed product

Competitors

Prolia(1)

U.S., Europe & Asia Pacific

Bisphosphonates, including generics

Various

ENBREL

U.S.

HUMIRA†

AbbVie

U.S.

Xeljanz

Pfizer Inc.

U.S.

RINVOQ

AbbVie

Canada

Etanercept biosimilars

Various

Otezla

U.S. & Europe

HUMIRA†

AbbVie

U.S. & Europe

Cosentyx

Novartis

U.S. & Europe

Taltz

Lilly

U.S. & Europe

Tremfya

Janssen(2)

U.S. & Europe

Skyrizi

AbbVie

U.S. & Europe

SOTYKTU

Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS)

U.S. & Europe

Topical products

Various

XGEVA

U.S. & Europe

Zoledronate generics

Various

Repatha

U.S., Europe & Asia Pacific

PRALUENT

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Sanofi

U.S. & Europe

LEQVIO

Novartis

Nplate

U.S. & Europe

PROMACTA/REVOLADE

Novartis

KYPROLIS

U.S.

VELCADE

Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.(3)

U.S. & Europe

REVLIMID(4)

Various

U.S. & Europe

POMALYST/IMNOVID

Celgene(5)

U.S. & Europe

DARZALEX

Janssen(2)

Aranesp

U.S.

PROCRIT(6)

Janssen(2)

U.S. & Europe

Epoetin alfa biosimilars

Various

EVENITY

U.S.

Bisphosphonates, including generics

Various

Japan

Teribone

Asahi Kasei Pharma

Vectibix

U.S. & Europe

Avastin

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (Roche)

U.S.

KEYTRUDA

Merck & Co., Inc.

U.S. & Europe

ERBITUX

Lilly

U.S. & Europe

Chemotherapy regime

Various

BLINCYTO

U.S. & Europe

BESPONSA

Pfizer Inc.

U.S. & Europe

Chemotherapy regime

Various

† Approved biosimilars available.

(1)Other biosimilars under regulatory review in the United States, Europe and Asia Pacific.

(2)A subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson.

(3)A subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.

(4)REVLIMID also includes generics.

(5)A subsidiary of Bristol Myers Squibb Company.

(6)PROCRIT competes with Aranesp in supportive cancer care and predialysis settings.

TEPEZZA and KRYSTEXXA currently do not face any direct competitors in the United States or Europe. TEPEZZA faces competition from other therapies, such as corticosteroids, which have been used on an off-label basis to alleviate some of the symptoms of TED. TEPEZZA and KRYSTEXXA may face competition from competitor medicines currently in clinical trials. See TEPEZZA and KRYSTEXXA sections above and Government Regulation—Regulation of Orphan Medicines.

Reimbursement

Sales of our products are dependent on the availability and extent of coverage and reimbursement from third-party payers. In many markets around the world, these payers, including government health systems, private health insurers and other organizations, remain focused on reducing the cost of healthcare; and their efforts have intensified, in part, as a result of uncertain macroeconomic conditions, rising healthcare costs and pressures on healthcare budgets. Drugs remain heavily scrutinized for cost containment. As a result, payers are becoming more restrictive regarding the use of biopharmaceutical products and are scrutinizing the prices of these products while requiring a higher level of clinical evidence to support the benefits such products bring to patients and the broader healthcare system. These pressures become intensified when our products become subject to competition, including from biosimilars.

In the United States, healthcare providers and other entities such as pharmacies and PBMs are reimbursed for covered services and products they deliver through both private-payer and government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. We provide negotiated rebates to healthcare providers, private payers, government payers and PBMs. In addition, we are required to (i) provide rebates or discounts on our products that are reimbursed through certain government programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, and (ii) provide discounts to qualifying healthcare providers under the federal 340B Drug Pricing Program.

Both private and some government payers use formularies to manage access to and utilization of drugs. A drug’s inclusion and favorable positioning on a formulary are essential to ensure patients have access to a particular drug. Even when access is available, some patients abandon their prescriptions for economic reasons. Payers continue to institute cost reduction and containment measures that lower drug utilization and/or spending altogether and/or shift a greater portion of the costs to patients. Such measures include, but are not limited to, more-limited benefit plan designs, higher patient co-pays or coinsurance obligations, limitations on patients’ use of commercial manufacturer co-pay payment assistance programs (including through co-pay accumulator adjustment or maximization programs), stricter utilization management criteria (such as prior authorization and step therapy) before a patient may get access to a drug, higher-tier formulary placement that increases the level of patient out-of-pocket costs and formulary exclusion, which effectively encourages patients and providers to seek alternative treatments or pay 100% of the cost of a drug. The use of such measures by PBMs and insurers has continued to intensify and has thereby limited Amgen product usage and sales. Furthermore, during the past few years, many PBMs and insurers have consolidated, resulting in a smaller number of PBMs and insurers overseeing a large portion of total covered lives in the United States. As a result, PBMs and insurers have greater market power and negotiating leverage to mandate stricter utilization criteria and/or exclude drugs from their formularies in favor of competitor drugs or alternative treatments. In highly competitive treatment markets such as the markets for ENBREL, Otezla, Repatha and Aimovig, PBMs are also able to exert negotiating leverage by requiring incremental rebates from manufacturers in order for them to gain and/or maintain their formulary position.

In addition to market actions taken by private and government payers in the United States, policy makers in both of the major U.S. political parties have supported policies to lower drug costs. See Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our sales depend on coverage and reimbursement from government and commercial third-party payers, and pricing and reimbursement pressures have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, our profitability. Although the IRA was enacted in August 2022, the environment remains dynamic, and the Administration and Congress continues to consider drug pricing legislation. The IRA includes provisions requiring that beginning on January 1, 2026, mandatory price setting be introduced in Medicare for certain drugs paid for under Parts B and D, whereby manufacturers must accept a price established by the government or face penalties on all U.S. sales (starting with 10 drugs in 2026, adding 15 in 2027 and 2028, and adding 20 in 2029 and subsequent years such that by 2031 approximately 100 drugs could be subject to such set prices). In August 2023, ENBREL, a product in which the rights to the BLA are held by our wholly owned subsidiary Immunex Corporation, was selected for the first round of 10 drugs subject to price setting that will be applicable beginning January 1, 2026. As of January 1, 2024, Medicare Part D has been redesigned to cap beneficiary out-of-pocket costs and, beginning January 1, 2025, Federal reinsurance will be reduced in the catastrophic phase (resulting in a shift and increase of such costs to Part D plans and manufacturers, including by requiring manufacturer discounts on certain drugs). Further, beginning October 1, 2022, manufacturers owe rebates on drugs reimbursed under Medicare Part D if price increases outpace inflation, and beginning January 1, 2023, owe rebates on drugs reimbursed under Medicare Part B if price increases outpace inflation.

Other potential policies cover a wide range of areas, including allowing the importation of drugs from other countries; increasing transparency in drug pricing; using third-party value assessments to determine drug prices; and changes to government rebate programs. For example, on January 5, 2024, the FDA authorized Florida to move forward with its importation program proposal, which excludes biologics. The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, signed into law on November 15, 2021, requires manufacturers of certain Part B–covered drugs packaged in single-use containers to give refunds to the government starting in 2023 for discarded amounts. CMS also issued a proposed Medicaid Drug Rebate Program rule that, if finalized, would require manufacturers to aggregate or “stack” all rebates, discounts or other price concessions made to separate, unrelated entities across the pharmaceutical supply chain on a given unit of product to determine the “Best Price,” a

metric that is used to determine Medicaid rebates and 340B statutory rates. Further, at the state level, seven states (Colorado, Maine, New Hampshire, Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon and Washington) have enacted laws that establish PDABs to identify drugs that pose affordability challenges, and in four states (Colorado, Maryland, Minnesota and Washington) include authority for the state PDAB to set upper payment limits on certain drugs for in-state patients, payers, and providers.

In many countries other than the United States, government-sponsored healthcare systems are the primary payers for drugs and biologics. With increasing budgetary constraints and/or difficulty in understanding the value of medicines, governments and payers in many countries are applying a variety of measures to exert downward price pressure. These measures can include mandatory price controls, price referencing, therapeutic-reference pricing, increases in mandates, incentives for generic substitution and biosimilar usage and government-mandated price cuts. In this regard, many countries have health technology assessment organizations that use formal economic metrics such as cost-effectiveness to determine prices, coverage and reimbursement of new therapies; and these organizations are expanding in both established and emerging markets. Many countries also limit coverage to populations narrower than those specified on our product labels or impose volume caps to limit utilization. We expect that countries will continue taking aggressive actions to seek to reduce expenditures on drugs and biologics. Similarly, fiscal constraints may also affect the extent to which countries are willing to approve new and innovative therapies and/or allow access to new technologies. The EU is currently undergoing a review and possible revision of its pharmaceutical legislation. Various proposals are now being considered with a possible first reading in the EU Parliament in the first quarter of 2024, with full implementation not expected until 2027 or possibly later. The new legislation, if implemented, will likely have a significant impact on the landscape for access and pricing decisions within Member States. There are both positive and negative aspects to the current proposals being debated within the EU Commission and Parliament, including various proposals which could alter the intellectual property protection regime in Europe. Nevertheless, the legislation, if implemented, is unlikely to significantly impact the difficult financial situation facing many Member States and is, therefore, not likely to improve the overall business climate for biopharmaceutical firms operating in the EU.

The dynamics and developments discussed above create pressures on the pricing and potential usage of our products and on the industry. Given the diverse interests in play between payers, biopharmaceutical manufacturers, policy makers, healthcare providers and independent organizations, if and whether the parties involved can achieve alignment on the matters discussed above remain unclear, and the outcome of any such alignment is difficult to predict. We remain focused on pricing our products responsibly and delivering breakthrough treatments for unmet medical needs. Amgen is committed to working with the entire healthcare community to ensure continued innovation and to facilitate patient access to needed medicines. We do this by:

• investing billions of dollars annually in R&D;

• pricing our medicines to reflect the value they provide;

• developing more affordable therapeutic choices in the form of high-quality and reliably supplied biosimilars;

• partnering with payers to share risk and accountability for health outcomes;

• providing patient support and education programs;

• helping patients in financial need access our medicines; and

• working with policy makers, patients and other stakeholders to establish a sustainable healthcare system with access to affordable care and in which patients and their healthcare professionals are the primary decision makers.

See Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our sales depend on coverage and reimbursement from government and commercial third-party payers, and pricing and reimbursement pressures have affected, and are likely to continue to affect, our profitability and Item 1A. Risk Factors—Guidelines and recommendations published by various organizations can reduce the use of our products.

Manufacturing, Distribution and Raw Materials

Manufacturing

We believe we are a leader in the manufacture of biologics and that our manufacturing capabilities represent a competitive advantage. The products we manufacture consist of both biologics and small molecule drugs. The majority of our products are biologics that are produced in living cells and that are inherently complex due to naturally occurring molecular variations. Highly specialized knowledge and extensive process and product characterization are required to transform laboratory-scale processes into reproducible commercial manufacturing processes. Further, our expertise in the manufacture of biologics positions us well for leadership in the global biosimilars market. For additional information regarding manufacturing facilities, see Item 2. Properties.

We have been innovating our manufacturing facilities designed to extend our manufacturing advantage by optimizing our manufacturing network and/or by mitigating risks while continuing to ensure adequate supply of our products. For example, our licensed next-generation biomanufacturing plants operating in Singapore and West Greenwich, Rhode Island, incorporate multiple innovative technologies into a single facility. Next-generation biomanufacturing plants require smaller manufacturing footprints and offer greater environmental benefits, including reduced consumption of water and energy and lower levels of carbon emissions. Within such plants, the equipment is portable and smaller, which provides greater flexibility and speed in the manufacture of different medicines simultaneously. This enables Amgen to respond to changing demands for its medicines with increased agility. The Singapore site also has a plant that has been approved by several agencies, including the FDA and EMA, to produce small molecule drugs for commercial manufacturing.

Our internal manufacturing network has commercial production capabilities for bulk manufacturing, formulation, fill, finish, tableting and device assembly. These activities are performed within the United States and its territory in our Puerto Rico, Rhode Island and California facilities as well as internationally in our Ireland, Netherlands and Singapore facilities. In addition, we use third-party contract manufacturers to supplement the capacity or capability of our commercial manufacturing network.

To support our clinical trials, we manufacture product candidates primarily at our California facilities. We also use third-party contract manufacturers to supplement the capacity or capability of our overall clinical manufacturing network.

See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of the factors that could adversely impact our manufacturing operations and the global supply of our products.

Distribution

We operate distribution centers in Puerto Rico, Kentucky, California and the Netherlands for worldwide distribution of the majority of our commercial and clinical products. We also use third-party distributors to supplement distribution of our products worldwide.

Other

In addition to the manufacturing and distribution activities noted above, each of our manufacturing locations includes key manufacturing support functions such as quality control, process development, engineering, procurement, production scheduling and warehousing. Certain of those manufacturing and distribution activities are highly regulated by the FDA as well as international regulatory agencies. See Government Regulation—Regulation in the United States—Regulation of Manufacturing Standards.

Manufacturing Initiatives

As discussed above, we have been expanding capacity and advancing new innovations with multiple ongoing projects.

Our next-generation biomanufacturing plant at our West Greenwich, Rhode Island, campus, the first of its kind in the United States, has been approved by the FDA and EMA. This plant expands our capacity to manufacture certain products for U.S. and global markets, as we receive regulatory approval in those markets.

In November 2021, we broke ground for our newest biomanufacturing plant located in New Albany, Ohio, which received FDA licensure for commercial production in January 2024. This final product assembly and packaging plant will support the growing demand for Amgen’s medicines and will use state-of-the-art technologies.

In March 2022, we broke ground for our new multi-product drug substance manufacturing facility in Holly Springs, North Carolina. The new plant will support both traditional stainless steel-fed batch manufacturing and next-generation single-use technologies, allowing flexibility in the production of multiple products in one plant.

Subsequent to the Horizon acquisition, we are evaluating Horizon’s supply chains and pursuing activities to further improve resiliency and efficiency. See Item 1A. Risk factors—Our efforts to collaborate with or acquire other companies, products, or technology, and to integrate the operations of companies or to support the products or technology we have acquired, may not be successful, and may result in unanticipated costs, delays or failures to realize the benefits of the transactions.

Amgen continues to embed environmental sustainability into the upfront design, development and execution of our new facilities. The new facility under construction in North Carolina and our recently FDA approved facility in Ohio contain many examples of environmental advances, including on-site photovoltaic renewable energy generation at both sites. We expect our North Carolina facility’s carbon, waste and water footprints to be substantially lower than those at a traditional drug substance

manufacturing plant, and we expect lower footprints per unit produced as well at our Ohio facility compared with existing similar facilities.

See Item 1A. Risk Factors—Manufacturing difficulties, disruptions or delays could limit supply of our products and limit our product sales.

Raw Materials and Medical Devices

Certain raw materials, medical devices (including companion diagnostics) and components necessary for the commercial and/or clinical manufacturing of our products are provided by and are the proprietary products of unaffiliated third-party suppliers, certain of which may be our only sources for such materials. We currently attempt to manage the risk associated with such suppliers by means of inventory management, relationship management and evaluation of alternative sources when feasible. We also monitor the financial condition of certain suppliers and their ability to supply our needs. See Item 1A. Risk Factors—We rely on third-party suppliers for certain of our raw materials, medical devices and components.

We perform various procedures to help authenticate the sources of raw materials, including intermediary materials used in the manufacture of our products; the procedures include verification of country of origin and are incorporated into the manufacturing processes we and our third-party contract manufacturers perform.

To better ensure supply, Amgen has a risk mitigation strategy that uses a combination of methods, including multiple sources or backup inventory of critical raw materials. As part of our ongoing business continuity efforts, we continue to closely monitor our inventory levels and have taken additional measures to mitigate against raw material supply interruption. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of the factors that could adversely impact our manufacturing operations and the global supply of our products.

Government Regulation

Regulation by government authorities in the United States and other countries is a significant factor in the production and marketing of our products and our ongoing R&D activities. To clinically test, manufacture and market products for therapeutic use, we must satisfy mandatory procedures and safety and effectiveness standards established by various regulatory bodies. Compliance with these standards is complex, and failure to comply with any of these standards can result in significant implications. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of factors, including global regulatory implications, that can adversely impact our development and marketing of commercial products.

Regulation in the United States

In the United States, the Public Health Service Act; the FDCA; and the regulations promulgated thereunder as well as other federal and state statutes and regulations govern, among other things, the production, research, development, testing, manufacture, quality control, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising, promotion and distribution of our products in addition to the reporting of certain payments and other transfers of value to healthcare professionals and teaching hospitals.

Clinical Development and Product Approval. Drug development in our industry is complex, challenging and risky, and failure rates are high. Product development cycles are typically very long—approximately 10 to 15 years from discovery to market. A potential new medicine must undergo many years of preclinical and clinical testing to establish its safety and efficacy for use in humans at appropriate dosing levels and with an acceptable risk–benefit profile. We continue to work toward reducing cycle times by applying our expertise in human genetics and innovation in technology, clinical trials and real-world evidence.

After laboratory analysis and preclinical testing in animals, we file an IND with the FDA to begin human testing. Typically, we undertake an FDA-designated three-phase human clinical testing program.

• In phase 1, we conduct small clinical trials to investigate the safety and proper dose ranges of our product candidates in a small number of human subjects.

• In phase 2, we conduct clinical trials to investigate side-effect profiles and the efficacy of our product candidates in a patient population larger than phase 1 but still relatively small, who have the disease or condition under study.

• In phase 3, we conduct clinical trials to investigate the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of our product candidates, compared to commonly used treatments, in a large number of patients who have the disease or condition under study.

The FDA monitors the progress of each trial conducted under an IND and may, at its discretion, reevaluate, alter, suspend or terminate the testing based on data accumulated to that point and the FDA’s risk–benefit assessment with regard to the

patients enrolled in the trial. The results of preclinical and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA in the form of either a BLA for biologic products or a New Drug Application for small molecule products. We are not permitted to market or promote a new product until the FDA has approved our marketing application.

Approval of Biosimilars.The Affordable Care Act authorized the FDA to approve biosimilars via a separate, abbreviated pathway. The pathway allows sponsors of a biosimilar to seek and obtain regulatory approval based in part on the nonclinical-trial and clinical-trial data of an originator product to which the biosimilar has been demonstrated to be “highly similar” and to have no clinically meaningful differences with regard to safety, purity and potency. The relevance of demonstrating “similarity” is that in many cases, biosimilars can be brought to market without conducting the full suite of clinical trials typically required of originators, because risk–benefit has previously been established. To preserve incentives for future innovation, the law establishes a period of exclusivity for originators’ products, which in general prohibits biosimilars from gaining FDA approval based in part on reliance on or reference to the originator’s data in their application to the FDA for 12 years after initial FDA approval of the originator product. The law does not change the duration of patents granted on biologic products. As part of the implementation of the abbreviated approval pathway for biosimilars, the FDA released a number of guidance documents, some of which remain in draft form. See Item 1A. Risk Factors—We currently face competition from biosimilars and generics and expect to face increasing competition from biosimilars and generics in the future.

Regulation of Product Marketing and Promotion. The FDA regulates the marketing and promotion of drug products. Our product promotions for approved product indications must comply with the statutory standards of the FDCA and the FDA’s implemented regulations and guidance. The FDA’s review of marketing and promotional activities encompasses but is not limited to direct-to-consumer advertising, healthcare-provider-directed advertising and promotion, sales representative communications to healthcare professionals, promotional programming and promotional activities involving electronic media. The FDA may also review industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities that make representations regarding product safety or efficacy in a promotional context. The FDA may take enforcement action against a company for violations of the FDA’s advertising and labeling laws and regulations. Enforcement action may include product seizures, injunctions, civil or criminal penalties or regulatory letters, which may require corrective advertising or other corrective communications to healthcare professionals. Failure to comply with the FDA’s regulations also can result in adverse publicity or increased scrutiny of company activities by the U.S. Congress or other legislators. Additionally, as described below, such failure may lead to additional liability under U.S. healthcare fraud and abuse laws.

Regulation of Manufacturing Standards. The FDA regulates and inspects the equipment, facilities, laboratories and processes used in the manufacturing and testing of products prior to granting approval to market products. If after receiving approval from the FDA we make a material change in manufacturing equipment, location or process, additional regulatory review may be required. We also must adhere to current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations and product-specific regulations enforced by the FDA through its facilities inspection program. The FDA conducts regular, periodic visits to reinspect our equipment, facilities, laboratories and processes following an initial approval.

Regulation of Combination Products. Combination products are defined by the FDA as products composed of two or more regulated components (e.g., a biologic and/or drug and a device). Biologics/drugs and devices each have their own regulatory requirements, and combination products may have additional requirements. A number of our marketed products meet this definition and are regulated under this framework, and we expect that a number of our pipeline product candidates will be evaluated for regulatory approval under this framework as well.

Regulation of Orphan Medicines. Orphan drugs are defined by the FDA as products intended to treat a rare disease or condition that affects less than 200,000 persons in the United States. A company must request orphan drug designation prior to filing and, if granted for being the first medicine to treat such a rare disease, means the FDA will not approve another sponsor’s marketing application for the same drug for the same indication for seven years. Orphan drug exclusivity will not bar approval of another medicine for the same indication if it is shown to be clinically superior. In the United States, a number of our products, including products such as TEPEZZA and UPLIZNA acquired in connection with the Horizon acquisition, have orphan drug exclusivity under this framework.

Regulation outside the United States

In EU countries as well as in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Canada, Australia and Japan, regulatory requirements and approval processes are similar in principle to those in the United States.

In the EU, there are currently two potential tracks for seeking marketing approval for a product not authorized in any EU member state: a decentralized procedure and a centralized procedure. In the decentralized procedure, identical applications for marketing authorization are submitted simultaneously to the national regulatory agencies. Regulatory review is led by one member state (the reference-member state), and its assessment—based on safety, quality and efficacy—is reviewed and approved (assuming there are no concerns that the product poses a serious risk to public health) by the other member states

from which the applicant is seeking approval (the concerned-member states). The decentralized procedure leads to a series of single national approvals in all relevant countries. In the centralized procedure, which is required of all products derived from biotechnology, a company submits a single MAA to the EMA, which conducts an evaluation of the dossier, drawing upon its scientific resources across Europe. If the drug product is proven to fulfill requirements for quality, safety and efficacy, the EMA’s CHMP adopts a positive opinion, which is transmitted to the EC for final decision on granting of the marketing authorization. Even though the EC generally follows the CHMP’s opinion, it is not bound to do so. Subsequent commercialization is enabled by country-by-country reimbursement approval.

In the EU, biosimilars are approved under a specialized pathway of the centralized procedure. As with the U.S. pathway, an applicant seeks and obtains regulatory approval for a biosimilar once the data exclusivity period for the original reference product has expired, relying in part on the data submitted for the originator product together with data evidencing that the biosimilar is “highly similar” with regard to quality, safety and efficacy to the original reference product authorized in the European Economic Area. See Item 1A. Risk Factors—We currently face competition from biosimilars and generics and expect to face increasing competition from biosimilars and generics in the future.

In the EU, Regulation (EC) No 141/2000, as implemented by Regulation (EC) No. 847/2000, provides that a medicine can be designated as an orphan medicinal product by the EC if its sponsor can establish that: (i) the product is intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of life-threatening or chronically debilitating conditions; (ii) either (a) such conditions affect not more than 5 in 10,000 persons in the EU when the application is made, or (b) the product without the benefits derived from orphan status, would not generate sufficient return in the EU to justify the necessary investment in developing the medicinal product; and (iii) there exists no satisfactory authorized method of diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of the condition that has been authorized in the EU, or even if such method exists, the product will be of significant benefit to those affected by that condition. An application for the designation of a medicinal product as an orphan medicinal product may be submitted at any stage of development of the medicinal product but before the filing of an MAA. A marketing authorization for an orphan medicinal product may only include indications designated as orphan. For non-orphan indications treated with the same active pharmaceutical ingredient, a separate marketing authorization has to be sought. Approved orphan drugs in the EU receive 10 years of market exclusivity for the approved indication in all EU member states. We currently have orphan medicinal product designation for BLINCYTO in the EU and intend to seek medicinal product designation for a number of our products in the future.

Other countries such as those in Latin America and the Middle East have review processes and data requirements similar to those of the EU and in some cases can rely on prior marketing approval from U.S. or EU regulatory authorities. The regulatory process in these countries may include manufacturing/testing facility inspections, testing of drug product upon importation and other domestic requirements.

In Asia Pacific, a number of countries such as China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan may require local clinical-trial data for bridging purposes as part of the drug registration process in addition to global clinical trials, which can add to overall drug development and registration timelines. In most of the Asian markets, registration timelines depend on marketing approval in the United States or the EU. In some markets in Asia, such as China, Indonesia and Thailand, regulatory timelines can be less predictable. The regulatory process may also include manufacturing/testing facility inspections, testing of drug product upon importation and other domestic requirements. Countries such as Australia and Japan have more-mature systems that would allow for submissions under more-competitive time frames. With regard to biosimilars, several of these countries have pathways to register biosimilars (e.g., Australia, India, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan), and biosimilar products are already present on the markets (e.g., Australia and South Korea).

In some countries, such as Japan and those in the EU, medical devices may be subject to regulatory regimes whereby manufacturers must establish that their medical devices conform to essential requirements set out in the law for the particular device category. For example, in the EU, with limited exceptions, medical devices placed on the market must bear the Conformité Européenne marking to indicate their conformity with legal requirements.

Postapproval Phase

After approval, we continue to monitor adverse events and product complaints reported following the use of our products through routine postmarketing surveillance and studies when applicable. We report such events to the appropriate regulatory agencies as required by local regulations for individual cases and aggregate reports. We proactively monitor (according to good pharmacovigilance practices) and ensure the implementation of signal detection, assessment and the communication of adverse events that may be associated with the use of our products. We also proactively monitor product complaints through our quality systems, which includes assessing our drug delivery devices for device complaints, adverse events and malfunctions. We may also be required by regulatory agencies to conduct further clinical trials on our marketed products as a condition of their approval or to provide additional information on safety and efficacy. Health regulators, including the FDA, have authority to mandate labeling changes to products at any point based on new safety information or as part of an evolving label change to a particular class of products.

Health regulators, including the FDA, also have authority both before and after approval to require that a company implement a risk management program for a product to ensure that the benefits of the drug outweigh the risks. Each risk management program is unique and varies depending on the specific factors required. In the United States, such a risk management program is known as a REMS, and we currently have REMSs for Prolia, Nplateand BLINCYTO.

Other Regulation

We are also subject to various laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including antikickback laws and false-claims laws. Antikickback laws make it illegal to solicit, offer, receive or pay any remuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of business, including the purchase or prescribing of a particular drug that is reimbursed by a state or federal program. False-claims laws prohibit knowingly and willingly presenting or causing to be presented for payment to third-party payers (including Medicare and Medicaid) any claims for reimbursed drugs or services that are false or fraudulent, claims for items or services not provided as claimed or claims for medically unnecessary items or services. Violations of fraud and abuse laws may be punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including fines and civil monetary penalties, as well as by the possibility of exclusion from federal healthcare programs (including Medicare and Medicaid). Liability under false-claims laws may also arise when violation of certain laws or regulations related to the underlying product (e.g., a violation regarding improper promotional activity or unlawful payments) contributes to the submission of a false claim.

On April 25, 2019, we entered into a settlement agreement with the DOJ and the OIG of the HHS to settle certain allegations related to our support of independent charitable organizations that provide patients with financial assistance to access medicines. Additionally, we entered into a corporate integrity agreement that requires us to both maintain a corporate compliance program and undertake a set of defined corporate integrity obligations for a period of five years. Due to the breadth of the statutory provisions and the absence of guidance in the form of regulations or court decisions addressing some of our practices, it is possible that in the future, our practices might be further challenged under antikickback or similar laws.

The FCPA prohibits U.S. corporations and their representatives from offering, promising, authorizing or making payments to any foreign government official, government staff member, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business abroad. The scope of the FCPA arguably includes interactions with certain healthcare professionals in many countries. Other countries have enacted similar anticorruption laws and/or regulations. Failure by our employees, agents, contractors, vendors, licensees, partners or collaborators to comply with the FCPA and other anticorruption laws and/or regulations could result in significant civil or criminal penalties.

We are subject to various laws and regulations globally with regard to privacy and data protection. These laws and regulations involve the collection, storage, handling, use, disclosure, transfer and security of personal data. The legislative and regulatory environments regarding privacy and data protection are continually evolving and developing because these issues are subjects of increasing amounts of attention in countries globally. For example, we are subject to the EU’s GDPR, which became effective on May 25, 2018; the CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020; the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, which amended the CCPA and became effective on January 1, 2023; and China’s Personal Information Protection Law, which became effective on November 1, 2021. Other jurisdictions where we operate have enacted or proposed similar legislation and/or regulations, such as consumer privacy laws that went into effect in Virginia, Colorado, Utah, Connecticut and Florida in 2023. Consumer privacy laws were also passed in 11 other states, with the earliest effective dates later this year, and proposed in three additional states. In April 2023, a new type of state privacy law focused on protection of consumer health data emerged in Washington with the enactment of the My Health My Data Act, with similar legislation passed subsequently in Nevada. Both these new consumer health privacy laws become effective March 31, 2024. Failure to comply with these current and future laws could result in significant penalties.

Our business has been and will continue to be subject to various other U.S. and foreign laws, rules and regulations, including provisions of the IRA. See Reimbursement section above.

Research and Development and Selected Product Candidates

We focus our R&D on novel human therapeutics for the treatment of serious illness. We capitalize on our strengths in human genetics, novel biology and protein engineering. We leverage our biologic expertise and seek to choose the optimal modality for a drug target and disease. And we use cutting-edge science and technology to study subtle biological mechanisms in search of therapies that will improve the lives of those who suffer from diseases.

Our discovery research programs may therefore yield targets that lead to the development of human therapeutics delivered as large molecules, small molecules, other combination modalities or new modalities. We have reshaped our portfolio and have increasingly focused our efforts on human genetics when possible to enhance the likelihood of success.

With regard to our clinical trial activities, we are continuously monitoring the possible impacts from health-related events, including changes from new COVID-19 variants; we are working to mitigate effects on future study enrollment in our clinical trials; and we are evaluating the impact in all relevant countries. We remain focused on supporting our active clinical sites in their providing care for patients and in our providing investigational drug supply.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, our R&D expenses were $4.8 billion, $4.4 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively.

We have major R&D centers in Thousand Oaks and San Francisco, California, and Deerfield, Illinois; Iceland; and the United Kingdom, as well as smaller research centers and development facilities globally. See Item 2. Properties.

Our clinical trial activities are conducted by both our internal staff and third-party contract clinical trial service providers. To increase the number and diversity of patients available for enrollment in our clinical trials, we have opened clinical sites and will continue opening clinical sites and enrolling patients in a number of geographic locations. See Government Regulation—Regulation in the United States—Clinical Development and Product Approval for a discussion of government regulation over clinical development. Also see Item 1A. Risk Factors—We must conduct clinical trials in humans before we commercialize and sell any of our product candidates or existing products for new indications.

Some of our competitors are actively engaged in R&D in areas in which we have products or in which we are developing product candidates or new indications for existing products. For example, we compete with other clinical trials for eligible patients, which may limit the number of available patients who meet the criteria for certain clinical trials. The competitive marketplace for our product candidates is greatly dependent on the timing of entry into the market. Early entry may have important advantages in gaining product acceptance, thereby contributing to a product’s eventual success and profitability. Accordingly, we expect that in some cases, the relative speed with which we can develop products, complete clinical testing, receive regulatory approval and supply commercial quantities of a product to the market will be important to our competitive position.

In addition to product candidates and marketed products generated from our internal R&D efforts, we acquire companies, acquire and license certain product and R&D technology rights and establish R&D arrangements with third parties to enhance our strategic position within our industry by strengthening and diversifying our R&D capabilities, product pipeline and marketed product base. In pursuing these R&D arrangements and licensing or acquisition activities, we face competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that also seek to license or acquire technologies, product candidates or marketed products from those entities performing the R&D.

The following table shows a selection of certain of our product candidates by phase of development in our therapeutic areas of focus as of January 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated. Additional product candidate information can be found on our website at www.amgen.com. (The website address is not intended to function as a hyperlink, and the information contained on our website is not intended to be a part of this filing.) The information in this section does not include other, nonregistrational clinical trials that we may conduct for purposes other than for submission to regulatory agencies for their approval of a new product indication.

We may conduct nonregistrational clinical trials for various reasons, including to evaluate real-world outcomes or to collect additional safety information with regard to the use of products.

Molecule						Investigational indication
Phase 3 programs
AMJEVITA						Interchangeability
Bemarituzumab						GEJ adenocarcinoma
BLINCYTO						Ph-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Dazodalibep						Sjögren’s Syndrome
EVENITY						Male osteoporosis
LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS						Advanced colorectal cancer; NSCLC
Nplate						Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia
Olpasiran						Cardiovascular disease
Otezla						Palmoplantar pustulosis
Repatha						Cardiovascular disease
Rocatinlimab						Atopic dermatitis
Tarlatamab						Small cell lung cancer
TEPEZZA						Active TED in Japan; Chronic/Low CAS TED in Japan
TEZSPIRE						Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; Eosinophilic esophagitis; Severe asthma
UPLIZNA						IgG4-related disease; Myasthenia gravis
Wezlana						Investigational biosimilar to STELARA (ustekinumab)
ABP 206						Investigational biosimilar to OPDIVO (nivolumab)
ABP 938						Investigational biosimilar to EYLEA (aflibercept)
ABP 959						Investigational biosimilar to SOLIRIS (eculizumab)
Phase 2 programs
Bemarituzumab						Other tumors
Daxdilimab						Dermatomyositis or anti-synthetase inflammatory myositis; discoid lupus erythematosus
Efavaleukin alfa						Ulcerative colitis
Fipaxalparant						Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS						Other solid tumors with KRAS G12C mutations
Maridebart cafraglutide						Obesity
Ordesekimab						Celiac disease
TEZSPIRE						Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Chronic spontaneous urticaria
Phase 1 programs
Bemarituzumab						NSCLC
Tarlatamab						Neuroendocrine prostate cancer
TEPEZZA						Subcutaneous administration for TED
Xaluritamig						Prostate cancer
AMG 104						Asthma
AMG 193						Solid tumors
AMG 305						Solid tumors
AMG 329						Autoimmune disease
AMG 355						Solid tumors
AMG 651						Solid tumors
AMG 786						Obesity
AMG 794						Solid tumors

Phase 3			Clinical trials investigate the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of our product candidates, compared to commonly used treatments, in a large number of patients who have the disease or condition under study.
Phase 2			Clinical trials investigate side-effect profiles and efficacy of product candidates in a larger patient population than phase 1, but still relatively small, who have the disease or condition under study.
Phase 1			Clinical trials investigate the safety and proper dose ranges of product candidates in a small number of human subjects.

Phase 3 Product Candidate Program Changes

As of January 31, 2023, we had 18 phase 3 programs. As of January 31, 2024, we have 24 phase 3 programs, as five phase 3 programs were acquired from Horizon, three programs initiated phase 3 studies, one program was approved by the FDA and one program concluded. These changes are set forth in the following table.

Molecule

Investigational indication

Program change

Dazodalibep

Sjögren’s Syndrome

Horizon acquired program

KYPROLIS

Weekly dosing for relapsed multiple myeloma

Concluded—program did not meet its primary endpoint

LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS

NSCLC in combination with chemotherapy

Initiated phase 3 study

Otezla

Genital psoriasis

Approved by the FDA

Tarlatamab

Small cell lung cancer

Initiated phase 3 study

TEPEZZA

Active TED (OPTIC-J); Chronic/Low CAS TED in Japan

Horizon acquired programs

UPLIZNA

IgG4-related disease; Myasthenia gravis

Horizon acquired programs

ABP 206

Biosimilar to OPDIVO

Initiated phase 3 study

Phase 3 Product Candidate Patent Information

The following table describes our composition-of-matter patents that have been issued thus far for our product candidates in phase 3 development that have yet to be approved for any indication in the United States or the EU. Patents for products already approved for one or more indications in the United States or the EU but that are currently undergoing phase 3 clinical trials for additional indications have been previously described. See Marketing, Distribution and Selected Marketed Products—Patents.

Molecule

Territory

General subject matter

Estimated expiration*

Bemarituzumab

U.S.

Polypeptides

2029

Europe

Polypeptides

2029

Dazodalibep

U.S.

Polypeptides

2034

Europe

Polypeptides

2032

Olpasiran

U.S.

Compounds

2036

Europe

Compounds

2036

Rocatinlimab

U.S.

Polypeptides

2027

Europe

Polypeptides

2026

Tarlatamab

U.S.

Polypeptides

2036

Europe

Polypeptides

2036

* Patent expiration estimates are based on issued patents, which may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by competitors. The estimates do not include any term adjustments, extensions or supplemental protection certificates that may be obtained in the future and thereby extend these dates. Corresponding patent applications are pending in other jurisdictions. Additional patents may be filed or issued and may provide additional exclusivity for the product candidate or its use. In addition to patent exclusivity, the product candidates may be protected by regulatory exclusivities upon approval in some countries. For example, new chemical entities would receive a five year exclusivity period and new molecular entities would receive a 12 year exclusivity period in the United States, whereas new chemical and molecular entities would receive a 10 year exclusivity period in Europe.

Phases 3 and 2 Program Descriptions

The following provides additional information about selected products and product candidates that have advanced into human clinical trials.

AMJEVITA

AMJEVITA is a biosimilar to HUMIRA, which is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits binding of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha to cell surface TNF receptor / TNF-alpha.

Bemarituzumab

Bemarituzumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b). It is being investigated for the treatment of advanced gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma and advanced solid tumors other than advanced squamous NSCLC.

BLINCYTO

BLINCYTO is an anti-CD19 x anti-CD3 BiTE® molecule. It is being investigated in newly diagnosed adults aged 40 and older with Ph negative B-cell precursor ALL.

Daxdilimab

Daxdilimab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against ILT7 that depletes certain dendritic cells. It is being investigated for the treatment of both dermatomyositis and anti-synthetase inflammatory myositis and discoid lupus erythematosus.

Dazodalibep

Dazodalibep is a fusion protein binding CD40L on T cells, blocking their interaction with CD40-expressing B cells. It is being investigated for the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome.

Efavaleukin alfa

Efavaleukin alfa is an interleukin (IL)-2 mutein Fc fusion protein. It is being investigated for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

EVENITY

EVENITY is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the action of sclerostin. It is being evaluated as a treatment for male osteoporosis. EVENITY is being developed in collaboration with UCB.

Fipaxalparant

Fipaxalparant is a molecule that blocks lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1). It is being investigated for the treatment of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS

LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS is a KRASG12C small molecule inhibitor. It is being investigated as treatment for a variety of solid tumors, including NSCLC, colorectal cancer and other solid tumor cancers.

In October 2023, we announced positive data from the global Phase 3 CodeBreaK 300 trial. This global Phase 3 study evaluated two doses of LUMAKRAS/LUMYKRAS (960 mg or 240 mg) in combination with Vectibix versus investigator’s choice of therapy (trifluridine and tipiracil, or regorafenib) in patients with chemorefractory G12C-mutated mCRC.

In June 2023, based on data from the previous CodeBreaK 101 study, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to LUMAKRAS in combination with Vectibix for the treatment of patients with metastatic KRAS G12C-mutated CRC, as determined by an FDA approved test, who have received prior chemotherapy.

Maridebart cafraglutide

Maridebart cafraglutide is a gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) antagonist and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It is being investigated for the treatment of obesity.

Nplate

Nplate is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA). It is being investigated for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT).

Olpasiran

Olpasiran is an siRNA that lowers Lp(a). It is being investigated in phase 3 for the treatment of ASCVD.

Ordesekimab

Ordesekimab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the action of IL-15. It is being investigated for the treatment of celiac disease and is being developed in collaboration with Provention Bio, Inc.

Otezla

Otezla is a small molecule that inhibits PDE4. It is being investigated in phase 3 studies for the treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis.

Repatha

Repathais a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9. It is being investigated as a treatment for ASCVD in high-risk patients with high LDL-C without prior heart attack or stroke.

Rocatinlimab

Rocatinlimab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits OX-40. It is being investigated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Rocatinlimab is being developed in collaboration with Kyowa Kirin.

Tarlatamab

Tarlatamab is a half-life extended (HLE) anti-DLL3 x anti-CD3 BiTE® molecule. It is being investigated for the treatment of small cell lung cancer.

In October 2023, we announced results from the global Phase 2 DeLLphi-301 study, evaluating tarlatamab, an investigational DLL3 targeting BiTE® molecule, in patients with advanced stage SCLC who had failed two or more prior lines of treatment. With a median follow-up of 10.6 months, an intention-to-treat analysis that included 100 patients at the selected 10 mg dose, tarlatamab demonstrated an ORR (primary endpoint) of 40%. For key secondary endpoints, mPFS was 4.9 months, and mOS was 14.3 months. There were no new safety signals observed compared to the Phase 1 study. Additionally in October 2023, the FDA granted tarlatamab Breakthrough Therapy Designation for the treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage SCLC with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.

In December 2023, we announced the FDA accepted and granted Priority Review for the Company’s BLA for tarlatamab, with a PDUFA date of June 12, 2024.

TEPEZZA

TEPEZZA is a monoclonal antibody against IGF-1R. It is being investigated in phase 3 studies for patients with moderate-to-severe active TED and chronic/low clinical activity score (CAS) TED. It is also being investigated for subcutaneous administration.

TEZSPIRE

TEZSPIRE is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the action of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. It is being evaluated in phase 3 studies as a treatment for severe asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and eosinophilic esophagitis. It is also being investigated in phase 2 studies as a treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic spontaneous urticaria. TEZSPIRE is being developed jointly in collaboration with AstraZeneca.

UPLIZNA

UPLIZNA is a humanized, affinity-optimized, afucosylated IgG1 kappa (IgG1κ) monoclonal antibody that binds to the B cell-specific surface antigen CD19. It is being investigated for the treatment of flare in patients with IgG4-related disease and myasthenia gravis.

Wezlana

Wezlana, a biosimilar candidate to STELARA, is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-12 and IL-23. It is being investigated in a phase 3 study for biosimilarity to STELARA. The reference-product primary conditions are psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and Crohn’s disease.

ABP 206

ABP 206, a biosimilar candidate to OPDIVO, is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the receptor protein called programmed death protein 1 (PD-1).

ABP 938

ABP 938, a biosimilar candidate to EYLEA, is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) Fc fusion protein. It is being investigated in a phase 3 study for biosimilarity to EYLEA. The reference-product primary conditions are wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular edema following retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema and diabetic retinopathy.

ABP 959

ABP 959, a biosimilar candidate to SOLIRIS, is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the complement protein C5. It is being investigated in a phase 3 study for biosimilarity to SOLIRIS. The reference-product primary conditions are paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).

Business Relationships

From time to time, we enter into business relationships, including joint ventures and collaborative arrangements, for the R&D, manufacture and/or commercialization of products and/or product candidates. In addition, we acquire product and R&D technology rights and establish R&D collaborations with third parties to enhance our strategic position within our industry by strengthening and diversifying our R&D capabilities, product pipeline and marketed-product base. These arrangements generally provide for nonrefundable upfront license fees, development and commercial-performance milestone payments, cost sharing, royalties and/or profit sharing. The activities under these collaboration agreements are performed with no guarantee of either technological or commercial success, and each is unique in nature.

Trade secret protection for our unpatented confidential and proprietary information is important to us. To protect our trade secrets, we generally require counterparties to execute confidentiality agreements upon commencement of a business relationship with us. However, others could either develop independently the same or similar information or unlawfully obtain access to our information.

BeiGene, Ltd.

In January 2020, we acquired an equity stake in BeiGene for approximately $2.8 billion in cash as part of a collaboration to expand our oncology presence in China. For additional information regarding our equity investment in BeiGene, see Part IV—Note 10, Investments, to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Under the collaboration, BeiGene began selling XGEVA in 2020, BLINCYTO in 2021 and KYPROLIS in 2022 in China, and Amgen shares profits and losses equally during the initial product-specific commercialization periods; thereafter, product rights may revert to Amgen, and Amgen will pay royalties to BeiGene on sales in China of such products for a specified period. Amgen manufactures and supplies the collaboration products to BeiGene.

In addition, we jointly develop a portion of our oncology portfolio with BeiGene, which shares in global R&D costs by providing cash and development services of up to $1.25 billion. Upon regulatory approval, BeiGene will assume commercialization rights in China for a specified period, and Amgen and BeiGene will share profits equally until certain of these product rights revert to Amgen. Upon return of the product rights, Amgen will pay royalties to BeiGene on sales in China for a specified period. For product sales outside China, Amgen will also pay royalties to BeiGene.

AstraZeneca plc

We are in a collaboration with AstraZeneca for the development and commercialization of TEZSPIRE. Under our collaboration, both companies share global costs, profits and losses equally after payment by AstraZeneca of a mid-single-digit royalty to Amgen. AstraZeneca leads global development, and both Amgen and AstraZeneca jointly commercialize TEZSPIRE in North America. In North America, Amgen, as the principal, recognizes product sales of TEZSPIRE in the United States, and AstraZeneca, as the principal, recognizes product sales of TEZSPIRE in Canada. AstraZeneca leads commercialization for TEZSPIRE outside North America. Amgen manufactures and supplies TEZSPIRE worldwide.

UCB

We are in a collaboration with UCB for the development and commercialization of EVENITY. Under our collaboration, UCB has rights to lead commercialization for EVENITY in most countries in Europe. Amgen, as the principal, leads commercialization for EVENITY and recognizes product sales in all other territories, including the United States. Global development costs and commercialization profits and losses related to the collaboration are shared equally. Amgen manufactures and supplies EVENITY worldwide.

For financial information about our significant collaborative arrangements, see Part IV—Note 9, Collaborations, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Human Capital Resources

Overview

Amgen’s approach to human capital resource management starts with our mission to serve patients. We strive to serve patients by transforming the promise of science and biotechnology into therapies that have the power to restore health or save lives. The way we approach our business is guided by the Amgen Values:

Amgen Values
Be Science-Based	Compete Intensely and Win	Create Value for Patients, Staff and Stockholders	Be Ethical
Trust and Respect Each Other	Ensure Quality	Work in Teams	Collaborate, Communicate and Be Accountable

Our staff are also guided by, and receive annual training on, the Company’s Code of Conduct, which is designed to help every person who does business on our behalf worldwide (including all staff, management, consultants, contract workers and temporary workers) to understand what is expected of them.

Our industry is subject to a complex regulatory and reimbursement environment. The unique demands of our industry, together with the challenges of running an enterprise focused on the discovery, development, manufacture and commercialization of innovative medicines, requires a highly engaged and committed workforce.

As of December 31, 2023, Amgen had approximately 26,700 staff members in over50 countries, and we have had relatively low global turnover rates compared to available industry information. We also supplement our workforce with independent contractors, contingent workers and temporary workers, as needed. Outside of the United States, some of our employees are represented by unions or works councils. We consider our staff relations to be good, supported by regular assessments of staff engagement surveys on a wide range of topics (including flexible work environments, career development, and maintaining a culture of compliance). We discuss the results of these surveys with our workforce and our Board of Directors. Reflecting our staff members’ desire to retain a flexible approach to work, we offer a flexible workspace initiative that enables many employees to work together with their manager to determine the location that best enables their work at hand, supporting virtual work as well as working in person.

Compensation, Benefits and Development

Our approach to employee compensation and benefits is designed to deliver cash, equity and benefit programs that are competitive with those offered by leading companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, and to attract, motivate and retain talent with a focus on encouraging performance, promoting accountability and adherence to the Amgen Values and alignment with the interests of the Company’s stockholders.

Our base pay program aims to compensate staff members relative to the value of the contributions of their role, which takes into account the skills, knowledge and abilities required to perform each position, as well as the experience brought to the job. We also provide annual incentive programs to reward our staff in alignment with achievement of Company-wide goals that are established annually and designed to drive aspects of our strategic priorities that support and advance our strategy across our Company and are intended to positively position us for both near- and long-term success. The majority of our staff members are also eligible for equity award grants under our long-term incentive program that are designed to align the interests of our staff members with those of our stockholders. For senior level staff, a significant proportion of equity award value is dependent on Company performance.

All staff participate in a regular performance measurement process through which staff receive performance and development feedback, and pay is aligned to performance. The Amgen Values and Leadership Attributes (Inspire, Accelerate, Integrate and Adapt) are an integral part of the performance assessments of our staff members, and these evaluations serve as an important information tool and basis for compensation decisions.

To support the development of our staff, we provide a variety of programs, including leadership development programs, classroom-based and virtual instructor-led courses, and self-paced learning options as well as mentoring, networking and coaching opportunities.

Our benefit programs are generally broad-based, promote health and overall well-being and emphasize saving for retirement. All regular U.S. staff members are eligible to participate in the same core health and welfare and retirement savings plans. Other U.S. employee benefits include adoption assistance, paid parental leave programs, access to childcare, employee assistance programs, employee stock purchase plan, flexible spending accounts, life, long-term care and business travel accident insurance, short and long-term disability benefits, wellness benefits and work-life resources and referrals. Comparable programs and benefits are available globally, with the same health and well-being intent, and consistent with local statutory requirements.

Our Compensation and Management Development Committee provides oversight of our compensation plans, policies and programs.

Safety and Wellness

Creating a safe and healthy workplace for our staff is an important priority at Amgen. Our goal is to have a world class safety record through safety leadership, risk management practices and integrating safety throughout our business processes. To foster our safety culture, we implement a comprehensive safety program and reinforce desired safety behaviors, driving to understand and mitigate the root cause of safety incidents and manage and control variability. We use leading indicators to assess the effectiveness of our safety programs and make course corrections as needed. Additionally, we perform formal executive management review of functional safety performance for Operations, Global Commercial Operations and R&D on a quarterly basis with a focus on identifying early signals and taking action to drive continuous improvement.

Our CRCC provides general oversight of our safety programs and initiatives.

Culture

We believe that a diverse and inclusive culture fosters innovation, which supports our ability to serve patients. Further, we also believe our global presence is strengthened by having a workforce that reflects the diversity of the patients we serve(1). Our Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging Council is led by our executive leadership and is responsible for overseeing our strategy to further a diverse and inclusive workplace. We offer a variety of diversity, inclusion and belonging programs and have continued to launch enhanced resources that guide staff on the role they play in creating an inclusive culture. Further, we continue to incorporate diversity, inclusion and belonging considerations into our business operations, including clinical trial design and procurement, to broaden access to patients and suppliers to the benefit of our business.

Each of Amgen’s Employee Resource Groups is sponsored by senior executive leadership. Our Employee Resource Groups promote leadership, development and belonging for members while also working to positively impact our business by leading business initiatives and providing diverse perspectives and experience.

(1) Amgen is an equal opportunity employer and does not make employment decisions based on race, gender, ethnicity, or any other protected characteristic.

Global Employee Resource Groups
Amgen Asian Association (AAA)			Amgen Black Employee Network (ABEN)
Ability Bettered through Leadership and Education (ABLE), a resource group for those with disabilities, visible and invisible, including those conditions also experienced by the patients that Amgen serves
Amgen Early Career Professionals (AECP)			Amgen International Network (AIN)
Amgen Latin Employee Network (ALEN)			Amgen PRIDE – LGBTQ and Allies Network (PRIDE)
Amgen South Asian Network (ASAN)			Amgen Veterans Employees Network (AVEN)
Recognition of Indigenous Peoples, Values and Environmental Resources (RIVER)
Women Empowered to be Exceptional (WE2)			Women in STEM Enrichment (WISE)

Building on the successful execution of our 2022 ESG goal under our annual incentive plan, our enhanced ESG goal for 2023 was designed to advance our progress on key ESG initiatives, including by driving measurable achievement of our Representation in Clinical Research (RISE) objectives that seek to improve the diversity and representation of racial and ethnic minority populations in our clinical trial research to help us develop medicines that are studied in participants who better reflect the populations affected by serious illness, and further expanding the number of leaders accountable for establishing, documenting and executing on diversity, inclusion and belonging action plans.

As of December 31, 2023, women comprised approximately 53% of our global workforce, and ethnic minorities accounted for approximately 50% of our U.S. and Puerto Rico-based workforce. In our effort to attract and retain the best talent, we seek out and support talent across the globe, including in underrepresented populations, consistent with our commitment to equal opportunity. In 2023, we launched our Apprenticeship Program as part of our multidimensional inclusive hiring and talent development strategy, with the first phase of the program beginning with our Manufacturing and DTI functions. Our Apprenticeship Program is a skills-based approach that proactively seeks to hire candidates from nontraditional sources and backgrounds, and is designed to invest in our future workforce through attracting, hiring and upskilling non-four-year degreed talent in the United States. Through the Apprenticeship Program, we will provide individuals with classroom-based and on-the-job training as well as mentorship opportunities needed to develop proficiency in targeted business areas and roles. We believe that our Apprenticeship Program and other skills-based approaches to hiring will provide us with access to a larger pool of highly motivated and productive talent while also providing underrepresented groups greater access to innovation economy careers.

Our 2022 Consolidated EEO-1 Report can be viewed on our website at www.amgen.com (the website address is not intended to function as a hyperlink, and the information contained in our website is not intended to be a part of this filing).

Our Compensation and Management Development Committee oversees our labor and employment policies, programs and initiatives, including those relating to diversity, inclusion and belonging.

Information about Our Executive Officers

The executive officers of the Company as of February 14, 2024, are set forth below.

Mr. Robert A. Bradway, age 61, has served as a director of the Company since 2011 and Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2013. Mr. Bradway has been the Company’s President since 2010 and Chief Executive Officer since 2012. From 2010 to 2012, Mr. Bradway served as the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Bradway joined the Company in 2006 as Vice President, Operations Strategy, and served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to 2010. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Bradway was a Managing Director at Morgan Stanley in London, where, beginning in 2001, he had responsibility for the firm’s banking department and corporate finance activities in Europe. Mr. Bradway has been a director of The Boeing Company, an aerospace company and manufacturer of commercial airplanes, defense, space and securities systems, since 2016. He has served on the board of trustees of the University of Southern California since 2014. From 2011 to 2017, Mr. Bradway was a director of Norfolk Southern Corporation, a transportation company.

Dr. James E. Bradner, age 51, became Executive Vice President, Research and Development, and Chief Scientific Officer, in December 2023. Prior to joining the Company, from 2022 to 2023, Dr. Bradner was a clinician at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. From 2016 to 2022, Dr. Bradner served as President of the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, where he was a member of the Executive Committee of Novartis AG. Dr. Bradner previously served on the faculty at Harvard Medical School.

Mr. Murdo Gordon, age 57, became Executive Vice President, Global Commercial Operations, in 2018. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Gordon was Chief Commercial Officer at BMS, a pharmaceutical company, from 2016 to 2018. Mr. Gordon served as Head of Worldwide Markets at BMS from 2015 to 2016. Prior to this, Mr. Gordon served in a variety of leadership roles at BMS for more than 25 years.

Mr. Jonathan P. Graham, age 63, became Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in 2019. Mr. Graham joined the Company in 2015. From 2015 to 2019, Mr. Graham was Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. Prior to joining Amgen, from 2006 to 2015, Mr. Graham was Senior Vice President and General Counsel at Danaher Corporation. From 2004 to 2006, Mr. Graham was Vice President, Litigation and Legal Policy, at General Electric Company (GE). Prior to GE, Mr. Graham was a partner at Williams & Connolly LLP.

Mr. Peter H. Griffith, age 65, became Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 2020. Mr. Griffith joined the Company in 2019 as Executive Vice President, Finance. Prior to joining Amgen, Mr. Griffith was President of Sherwood Canyon Group, LLC, a private equity firm. From 1997 to 2019, Mr. Griffith was a partner at EY, an accounting and professional services firm, and served in a variety of senior leadership roles, with his last position being Global Vice Chair, Corporate Development. Prior to EY, Mr. Griffith was a Managing Director and head of the investment banking division of Wedbush Securities Inc.

Ms. Nancy A. Grygiel, age 56, became Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer in 2020. Ms. Grygiel joined the Company in 2015. From 2016 to 2020, Ms. Grygiel was Vice President, Compliance. Prior to joining Amgen, from 2011 to 2015, Ms. Grygiel served as Vice President, Compliance, Corporate & International, at Allergan, Inc. (Allergan). Prior to Allergan, Ms. Grygiel held several management positions at Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Ms. Rachna Khosla, age 51, became Senior Vice President, Business Development, in 2021. Ms. Khosla joined the Company in 2013 as Corporate Development Director. From 2018 to 2021, Ms. Khosla was Vice President, Business Development, and from 2016 to 2018, was Executive Director, Business Development. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Khosla was a Director at Lazard Ltd. (Lazard) responsible for healthcare mergers and acquisitions. Prior to Lazard, Ms. Khosla held various roles in investment banking (mergers and acquisitions) and corporate venture capital at Credit Suisse Group AG, Sanofi Aventis, Aventis Capital, J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., and Salomon Brothers, Inc.

Mr. Derek Miller, age 51, became Senior Vice President, Human Resources, in 2022. Mr. Miller joined the Company in 2003 and has held human resources leadership roles supporting each of the Company’s major business functions. From 2020 to 2022, Mr. Miller was Vice President, Global Total Rewards, and from 2018 to 2020, was Vice President, Human Resources. From 2015 to 2018, Mr. Miller was an Executive Director, Human Resources. Prior to 2015, Mr. Miller served as a Senior Manager in the Human Resources organization, before his promotion to Director, Human Resources, and then to Strategy Director.

Dr. David M. Reese, age 61, became the Company’s inaugural Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, in December 2023, responsible for accelerating the use of technology and artificial intelligence across the organization. From 2018 to December 2023, Dr. Reese served as Executive Vice President, Research and Development. Dr. Reese joined the Company in 2005 and has held leadership roles in development, translational and medical sciences, and discovery research, including as Senior Vice President, Translational Sciences and Oncology, from 2017 to 2018. Prior to joining Amgen, Dr. Reese was a cofounder, president, and chief medical officer of Translational Oncology Research International, a not-for-profit academic clinical research organization, and director of Clinical Research at the Breast Cancer International Research Group. Dr. Reese previously served on the faculty at UCLA and the University of California, San Francisco.

Mr. Esteban Santos, age 56, became Executive Vice President, Operations, in 2016. Mr. Santos joined the Company in 2007 as Executive Director, Manufacturing Technologies. From 2013 to 2016, Mr. Santos was Senior Vice President, Manufacturing. From 2008 to 2013, Mr. Santos held a number of Vice President roles at the Company in engineering, manufacturing, site operations and drug product. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Santos served as Site General Manager of J&J’s Cordis operation in Puerto Rico. Prior to J&J, Mr. Santos held several management positions in GE’s industrial and transportation businesses.

Geographic Area Financial Information

For financial information concerning the geographic areas in which we operate, see Part IV—Note 4, Revenues, and Note 12, Property, plant and equipment, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Investor Information

Financial and other information about us is available on our website at www.amgen.com. We make available on our website, free of charge, copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with or furnish it to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, we have previously filed registration statements and other documents with the SEC. Any document we file may be inspected without charge at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. (These website addresses are not intended to function as hyperlinks, and the information contained in our website and in the SEC’s website is not intended to be a part of this filing.)

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