Item 1. BUSINESS

OVERVIEW

The Cigna Group, together with its subsidiaries (either individually or collectively referred to as the "Company," "we," "us," or "our"), is a global health company.

			Our Purpose and Mission
			The Cigna Group is a global health company committed to creating a better future built on the vitality of every individual and every community. We relentlessly challenge ourselves to partner and innovate solutions for better health. Powered by our people and our brands, we advance our mission to improve the health and vitality of those we serve.
			Our Pathways to Growth
			In order to turn the differentiated value we deliver to our customers, patients, clients, communities and investors into attractive, sustained growth, we will continue to cultivate our portfolio of businesses so that it can continue to deliver the foundational and accelerated growth and cross-enterprise leverage we expect today and in the future.
			• Foundational:Mature, scaled businesses contributing steady, predictable growth.
			• Accelerated: High-growth businesses in very attractive markets.
			• Cross-Enterprise Leverage: Working together to create even greater value.
			Core Strengths
			• Deep clinical expertise across pharmacy, medical and behavioral.
			• Robust data and insights supporting care with greater precision and personalization.
			• Focus on developing innovative solutions addressing needs of customers, patients and clients.
			• Partnering with others to accelerate innovation and create sustainable impact.
			• Consultative approach driven by an experienced and talented team.

At The Cigna Group, we relentlessly challenge ourselves to partner and innovate solutions for better health. Our global workforce of approximately 72,500 colleagues work to fulfill our mission to improve the health and vitality of over 164 million customer relationships in more than 30 markets and jurisdictions.

We have two growth platforms: Evernorth Health Services and Cigna Healthcare. Evernorth Health Services is our pharmacy benefits, specialty and care solution that is highly attractive to our clients and partners because of the depth of its capabilities and expertise. Evernorth Health Services also enables us to deepen existing relationships across our entire book of business. Cigna Healthcare is the health benefits provider of The Cigna Group, serving customers and clients for our U.S. Healthcare and International Health operating segments, and it allows us to harness our partnership relationship with physicians to deliver affordable and coordinated health care.

Our portfolio of offerings solves diverse challenges across the health care system. Our capabilities include: 1) a broad portfolio of solutions and services, some of which can be offered on a stand-alone basis; 2) integrated behavioral, medical and pharmacy management solutions; 3) leading specialty pharmacy, clinical and care management expertise; and 4) advanced analytics that help us engage more meaningfully with those we serve.

Together, Evernorth Health Services and Cigna Healthcare provide a strong and diverse foundation that allows us to capitalize on growth opportunities by leading with our strengths – pharmacy and medical solutions – and then expanding those relationships by addressing additional client needs and innovating and delivering new services and solutions. To transform the differentiated value we deliver to our customers, patients, clients, communities and investors into attractive, sustained growth, we continue to cultivate our portfolio of businesses with the goal of consistently delivering the foundational growth, accelerated growth and opportunity for cross-enterprise leverage we expect today and in the future. When considering our broad portfolio of businesses, we have strong foundational businesses that we expect to continue to grow. These businesses often serve as the key entry point for clients with either a pharmacy relationship, a medical relationship or both. We also have a variety of accelerated growth businesses, both scaled and emerging, which build upon our foundational relationships or provide exposure to adjacent high-growth areas. Our cross-enterprise leverage provides us with an opportunity to unlock even more value as the combined power of the franchise is unleashed.

Information about Segments

We present the financial results of our businesses in the following segments (see "Executive Overview" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations("MD&A") located in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for a Financial Summary):

Evernorth Health Services partners with health plans, employers, governmental organizations and health care providers to solve challenges in the areas of pharmacy benefits, home delivery pharmacy, specialty pharmacy, specialty distribution, and care delivery and management solutions. Within Evernorth Health Services, pharmacy benefits and home delivery pharmacy are foundational growth businesses and specialty pharmacy, specialty distribution, and care delivery and management solutions are accelerated growth businesses.

Cigna Healthcare includes the U.S. Healthcare and International Health operating segments, which provide comprehensive medical and coordinated solutions to clients and customers. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the U.S. Commercial and U.S. Government operating segments merged to form the U.S. Healthcare operating segment. U.S. Healthcare provides commercial medical plans and specialty benefits and solutions for insured and self-insured clients (U.S. Employer), Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement and Medicare Part D plans for seniors and individual health insurance plans. International Health provides health care solutions in our international markets, as well as health care benefits for globally mobile individuals and employees of multinational organizations. Within Cigna Healthcare, U.S. Employer and International Health are foundational growth businesses.

In January 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Medicare Advantage, Medicare Stand-Alone Prescription Drug Plans, Medicare and Other Supplemental Benefits and CareAllies businesses within the U.S. Healthcare operating segment to Health Care Service Corporation ("HCSC") for $3.3 billion cash, subject to applicable regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions (the "HCSC transaction").

Other Operations comprises the remainder of our business operations, which includes certain ongoing businesses and exited businesses. Our ongoing businesses include our continuing business, corporate-owned life insurance ("COLI"), and our run-off businesses. Our run-off businesses include (i) variable annuity reinsurance business (formerly referred to as guaranteed minimum death benefit ("GMDB") and guaranteed minimum income benefit ("GMIB") business), (ii) settlement annuity business and (iii) individual life insurance and annuity and retirement benefits businesses. Our exited businesses include the international life, accident and supplemental benefits businesses sold in July 2022 (the "Chubb transaction") and our interest in a joint venture in Türkiye sold in December 2022.

Corporate reflects amounts not allocated to operating segments, including net interest expense (defined as interest on corporate financing less net investment income on investments not supporting segment and other operations), certain litigation matters, expense associated with our frozen pension plans, charitable contributions, operating severance, certain overhead and enterprise-wide project costs and eliminations for products and services sold between segments.

Cross-enterprise Leverage

Cross-enterprise leverage enables us to uniquely use the depth and breadth of our wide-ranging capabilities across the enterprise to create more value, expand our reach and drive growth. We look across our enterprise at our client relationships within both Evernorth Health Services and Cigna Healthcare and seek to deepen them by leveraging our entire suite of capabilities. Cross-enterprise leverage brings teams from across the enterprise together in a quick, efficient and organized manner to move from ideation to solution creation to meet client's evolving needs.

Evernorth Health Services offerings, such as the Express Scripts PBM, Accredo Specialty Pharmacy, and Evernorth Care behavioral health solutions, are available within Cigna Healthcare solutions. This broadens Evernorth Health Services’s presence in the total health care delivery system, and expands the breadth and depth of offerings available to Cigna Healthcare clients and customers while improving affordability, access, quality of care, care innovations and transparency.

A recent product innovation is Pathwell Bone & Joint - a Cigna Healthcare solution powered by Evernorth Health Services. Pathwell Bone & Joint delivers affordability to clients via an enhanced digital customer experience and customized clinical navigation through a care advocate. During 2023, this program was offered to Cigna Healthcare U.S. Employer clients.

Other Information

The financial information included in this Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") unless otherwise indicated. In the segment discussions that follow, we use the terms "adjusted revenues" and "pre-tax adjusted income (loss) from operations" to describe segment results. See

Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K for definitions of those terms. Industry rankings and percentages set forth herein are for the year ended December 31, 2023, unless otherwise indicated. In addition, statements set forth in this document concerning our rank or position in an industry or particular line of business have been developed internally based on publicly available information unless otherwise noted.

The Cigna Group, through its predecessor companies, was incorporated in Delaware in 1981. Cigna Corporation was renamed The Cigna Group in February 2023.

You can access our website at http://www.thecignagroup.com to learn more about our company. We make annual, quarterly and current reports and proxy statements and amendments to those reports available, free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these materials with, or furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). We also use our website as a means of disclosing material information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under the SEC's Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure). Important information, including news releases, analyst presentations and financial information regarding The Cigna Group is routinely posted on our website. Accordingly, investors should monitor the Investor Relations portion of our website, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is neither incorporated by reference into nor a part of this report. See also "Code of Ethics and Other Corporate Governance Disclosures" in Part III, Item 10 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the availability of our Codes of Ethics on our website.

Intellectual Property Rights

We hold a variety of trademarks and service marks used throughout our businesses. We also use patents to protect our proprietary technological advances and to differentiate ourselves in the market. The Cigna Group companies hold over 400 United States patents. We are not substantially dependent on any single patent or group of related patents. We are not aware of any facts that could materially impact the continuing use of any of our intellectual property.

EVERNORTH HEALTH SERVICES

Evernorth Health Services includes a broad range of independent and coordinated health solutions and capabilities designed to enable the health care system to work better and help people live richer, healthier lives. Health plans, employers, governmental organizations and health care providers partner with Evernorth Health Services to solve their biggest challenges in the areas of pharmacy benefits, home delivery pharmacy, specialty pharmacy, specialty distribution, and care delivery and management solutions. In 2023, Evernorth Health Services reported adjusted revenues of $153.5 billion and pre-tax adjusted income from operations of $6.4 billion.

Since the launch of the Evernorth Health Services brand, we have continued to grow and serve more people. Today, Evernorth Health Services is made up of dozens of businesses across pharmacy benefit, specialty and care services. All products and services below are part of the Evernorth Health Services offering.

			How We Deliver
			• Deep clinical expertise when evaluating medicines, digital therapeutics and other health solutions for efficacy and value to assist clients in selecting a cost effective formulary.
			• Affordable solutions that provide more value and drive risk-sharing and value-based care.
			• Flexible solutions tailored to client needs, using Evernorth Health Services' combined strengths and capabilities, as well as strategic partnerships, to deliver: better, more efficient care for patients; better experiences for clients, providers and customers; and enhanced choices for clients and customers through our open architecture model.
			• Talented, experienced and caring people who work as consultative partners to solve complex problems across a fragmented health care ecosystem, fueled by data and expertise that drives purposeful innovation.

The following chart depicts a high-level summary of our principal products and services in this segment with definitions on subsequent pages.

Principal Products & Services

Brands/Subsidiaries

Key Relationships

Primary Competitors

Pharmacy Benefit Services - Driving Foundational Growth

Pharmacy Benefits

Express Scripts PBM, National Preferred Formulary, myMatrixx®, Express Scripts MedRx ManagementSM, Advanced Utilization Management, Enhanced Fraud, Waste & Abuse, Ascent Health Services, Econdisc Contracting Solutions, Copay Assurance®, Inside Rx®, Evernorth Wholesale MarketplaceSM, Value-Based Programs (Express Scripts SafeGuardRx®, Express Scripts Patient Assurance®, EncircleRxSM)

Clients, Customers, Health Care Providers, Consultants, Health Plans, Commercial and Government Payors, Self-paying Customers, Pharmacy Providers

Health Plans, Independent Pharmacy Benefit Managers ("PBMs"), Managed Care PBMs, Third-Party Benefit Administrators, Group Purchasing Organizations, Clinical Solutions and Health Care Data Analytics Companies

Home Delivery Pharmacy

Express Scripts Pharmacy®

Clients, Customers, Health Care Providers

Retail Pharmacies, Home Delivery Pharmacies

Specialty and Care Services - Driving Accelerated Growth

Specialty Pharmacy

Accredo®, Freedom Fertility Pharmacy®,Therapeutic Resource Center®

Clients, Customers, Health Care Providers, Specialty Drug Distributors

Specialty Pharmacies

Specialty Distribution

CuraScript SD®

Clinics, Hospitals, Physicians' Offices, Pharmacies, Alternative Sites of Care

Specialty Drug Distributors

Care Delivery and Management Solutions

eviCore Healthcare®, Evernorth Behavioral Health, Evernorth Home-Based Care, MDLIVE®, inMyndSM, Health Connect 360®, RationalMed®, Evernorth Digital Health FormularySM

Clients, Customers, Health Care Providers, VillageMD, Health Plans

Managed Care Organizations, Care Delivery and Care Management Solutions Providers, Third-Party Benefit Administrators, Health Care Data Analytics Companies

Principal Products & Services

Pharmacy Benefit Services

• Pharmacy Benefits.We drive high-quality, cost-effective pharmacy care through a range of services. We adjudicate drug claims from Express Scripts Pharmacy, Accredo and retail network participants, and provide retail pharmacy network administration, benefit design consultation, drug utilization review, drug formulary management and other services.

◦Retail Pharmacy Network Administration. We contract with retail pharmacies to provide prescription drugs to customers of the pharmacy benefit plans our clients offer. We negotiate with pharmacies throughout the United States to discount drug prices and offer national and regional network options responsive to client preferences related to cost containment, convenience of access for customers and network performance. We also manage networks of pharmacies customized for or under direct contract with specific clients and have contracted with pharmacy provider networks to comply with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") access requirements for the federal Medicare Part D prescription drug program ("Medicare Part D").

◦Drug Formulary Management.

▪Formularies are lists of drugs with designations that may be used to determine drug coverage, customer out-of-pocket costs and communicate plan preferences in competitive drug categories. Our formulary managementservices support clients in establishing formularies that assist customers and physicians in choosing clinically-appropriate, cost-effective drugs and prioritize access, safety and affordability.

▪We administer specific formularies for our clients, including standard formularies developed by Express Scripts and custom formularies in which we play a more limited role. Many of our clients select standard formularies, governed by our National Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee ("P&T Committee"), our Therapeutic Assessment Committee ("TAC") and our Value Assessment Committee ("VAC"). These committees work together to develop recommendations for formularies that first consider clinical results independent of price

considerations. Only after these clinical reviews are completed and codified are other factors such as net cost, market share and drug utilization trends considered for the final development of our formularies.

▪One of the ways we manage our drug formulary is through negotiating to secure additional affordability for the benefit of our clients based on the utilization of certain prescription drugs and supplies which can be paid to us in the form of a rebate. With respect to our clients' rebate arrangements, most chose to receive the greater of a minimum rebate guarantee or a contractually agreed-upon percentage of rebates. In some rebate arrangements, Express Scripts PBM takes on the risk of securing the rebate value necessary to meet the value guaranteed to its client. The actual amount of value secured by Express Scripts PBM is dependent upon the result of its negotiations for rebates. In 2023, the Express Scripts PBM shared over 95% of the drug formulary management rebates it received with its PBM clients, and two-thirds of its clients received 100% of rebates.

◦Benefits Design Consultation. We consult with our clients on how best to structure and leverage the pharmacy benefit to meet plan objectives for affordable access to the prescription medications customers need to stay healthy and to ensure the safe and effective use of those medications.

◦Drug Utilization Review Program. When pharmacies submit claims for prescription drugs to us, we review them electronically in real time for health and safety. We then alert the dispensing pharmacy of any detected issues. Clients may also choose to enroll in programs that result in communications about potential therapy concerns being sent to prescribers after the initial claim submission.

◦myMatrixx. myMatrixx is a PBM with an exclusive focus on workers' compensation. We combine high-touch customer service with clinical expertise and state-of-the-art business intelligence systems to deliver simplified solutions and positive outcomes.

◦Medical Drug Management. We offer a comprehensive range of services and guaranteed savings for managing medically billed specialty drugs. Our solutions apply utilization management, site of care management and claims prepayment review to effectively reduce wasteful spend, while providing services tailored to customers helping ensure safety and healthier outcomes. We also offer Express Scripts MedRx Management, a multifaceted medical drug strategy, developed to provide both clinical and financial value to clients.

◦Advanced Utilization Management. These programs include prior authorization, drug quantity management and step therapy designed to ensure clinically appropriate medication use and avoid unnecessary client pharmacy spend.

◦Enhanced Fraud, Waste & Abuse. We help plan sponsors identify customers and prescribers with potentially unusual or excessive utilization patterns. The program is designed to help identify outliers and situations of abnormal use or prescribing patterns by analyzing types of prescriptions, refill patterns and pharmacy utilization.

◦Administration of Group Purchasing Organizations. We operate various group purchasing organizations that negotiate pricing for the purchase of pharmaceuticals or formulary rebates with pharmaceutical manufacturers on behalf of their participants. These groups also provide various administrative services to their participants including management and reporting.

◦Inside Rx. Inside Rx is a prescription medication savings program that offers eligible self-paying customers discounts on many brand and generic medications. This program is not insurance but offers savings at nearly 60,000 participating retail pharmacies (including all major chains) in the United States and Puerto Rico. The program also offers discounts on prescription medications through private label solutions.

◦Evernorth Wholesale Marketplace. Evernorth Wholesale Marketplace offers a suite of flexible, private label PBM solutions including but not limited to a Pharmacy Rebate Program, a Retail Network Program, Value-Based Solutions, a Medical Rebate Program and Utilization Management Policies. These offerings are captured under either our drug formulary administrative service arrangements or our formulary processing arrangements.

◦Value-Based Programs.

▪Express Scripts SafeGuardRx. We offer a solution platform aimed at therapy classes that pose budgetary threats to clients and clinical challenges to customers. Our solutions are designed to help keep our clients ahead of the drug cost curve while providing customers the personalized services and access they need. These solutions are offered throughout our pharmacy benefit management services and include, but are not limited to, care for: cardiovascular, diabetes, hepatitis, HIV, inflammatory conditions, neurological, multiple sclerosis, oncology, pulmonary, rare conditions and weight management. Innovative Express Scripts SafeGuardRx programs may include utilization management, specialized expertise from our Therapeutic Resource Centers and financial savings.

▪Express Scripts Copay Assurance and Patient Assurance Programs. The Copay Assurance program caps consumer out-of-pocket costs for certain prescription drugs under a client's prescription drug benefit. The Patient Assurance Program addresses affordability challenges for customers managing their diabetes and cardiovascular conditions by providing a lower, fixed, out-of-pocket cost to the customer by negotiating additional discounts to reduce customer out-of-pocket costs, and applies those discounts at the point of service.

▪Express Scripts EncircleRx. EncircleRx is a data-driven solution that helps clients reduce costs and enhance outcomes for chronic condition categories. EncircleRx focuses on ensuring the right patient population has the correct access, prescriber and pharmacy management parameters in place and provides ongoing patient support in order to track responses to therapy and demonstrate patient outcomes.

• Home Delivery Pharmacy.Our Express Scripts Pharmacy offers free standard shipping of medications nationwide, usually in a 90-day supply, directly to the customer's home and allows for automatic refills on eligible medications and unrestricted telephone access to customer care advocates and specially trained pharmacists to answer customer questions. Our differentiated practice of pharmacy, coupled with our advanced automated dispensing technology, results in safer and more accurate pharmacy operations when compared to retail pharmacies, convenient access to maintenance medications and better coordination with management of our PBM clients' drug costs through operating efficiencies and generic substitutions. The Home Delivery Pharmacy operations consist of thirteen licensed pharmacies, including four fulfillment pharmacies. Our fulfillment pharmacies are located in Arizona, Indiana, Missouri and New Jersey.

Specialty and Care Services

• Specialty Pharmacy. Specialty medications are primarily characterized as high-cost medications for the treatment of complex and rare diseases. These medications broadly include those with frequent dosing adjustments, intensive clinical monitoring, the need for customer training, specialized product administration requirements or medications limited to certain specialty pharmacy networks by manufacturers. The front-end of our pharmacy, anchored by Accredo, is organized into Therapeutic Resource Centers, where pharmacists focus their practice of pharmacy by condition. Accredo is focused on dispensing injectable, infused, oral and inhaled drugs that require a higher level of clinical service and support than traditional pharmacies typically offer. Accredo supports successful outcomes for customers and reduces waste for clients through our specially trained clinicians and network of in-home nursing services, our nationwide footprint, our drug reimbursement services and by helping customers access assistance programs. Drug manufacturers may select Accredo for exclusive dispensing of highly specialized therapies. Freedom Fertility Pharmacy is dedicated exclusively to supporting customers undergoing fertility treatment. Our Specialty Pharmacy operations consist of 31 licensed pharmacies.

• Specialty Distribution.CuraScript SD is a specialty distributor of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies (including injectable and infusible pharmaceuticals and medications to treat specialty and rare or orphan diseases) directly to health care providers, clinics and hospitals in the United States for office or clinic administration. Through this business, we provide distribution services primarily to health care providers who treat customers with chronic diseases and regularly order costly specialty pharmaceuticals. This business operates three distribution centers and ships most products overnight within the United States. It is a contracted supplier with most major group purchasing organizations and leverages its distribution platform to operate as a third-party logistics provider for several pharmaceutical companies.

• Care Delivery and Management Solutions.We offer clinical programs to help our clients drive better whole-person health outcomes through our Care Delivery (virtual care, in-home care and physical primary care) and Care Management (eviCore benefits management, behavioral health services and health coaching capabilities) offerings.

◦eviCore Healthcare. eviCore Healthcare is a medical benefits management organization that promotes customers' optimal treatment at the right site of care by leveraging our team of medical professionals, evidence-based guidelines and innovative technologies to promote affordable care. eviCore Healthcare provides integrated solutions for key clinical diagnostic areas such as advanced imaging, cardiology and gastroenterology, as well as longitudinal areas such as musculoskeletal, oncology and post-acute care. eviCore Healthcare contracts with health plans to promote the appropriate use of health care services by the customers they serve. In certain instances, this occurs through capitated risk arrangements, when we assume the financial obligation for the cost of health care services provided to eligible customers covered by eviCore healthcare management solutions.

◦Evernorth Behavioral Health. Our behavioral health solutions simplify the complicated treatment landscape by assisting members to the right level of care at the right time, in the right place - from start to finish. Our predictive analytics models proactively identify customers who need support so that we can engage them early and provide the appropriate care, leveraging our extensive provider network including in-person providers, virtual providers and digital tools.

◦Evernorth Home-Based Care. Our Evernorth Home-Based Care solution is a complete, in-home population health and clinical service business dedicated to serving the diverse needs of members, providers and customers, including in-home primary care, care coordination and enablement services. We address common barriers to care faced by older Americans, including chronic conditions, limited mobility and transportation issues. While most care in this model is home-based, our solution is digitally and virtually enabled for patients and their caregivers.

◦MDLIVE. MDLIVE virtual care services provide flexibility for the customer to access a network of virtual care providers for preventative and routine primary care and wellness, urgent care, dermatology care, behavioral health care needs and chronic condition management.

◦Pharmacy Solutions. These programs combine various solutions to coordinate care for customers and include: inMynd, Condition and Disease Management, Navigation, Health Connect 360, RationalMed and Evernorth Digital Health Formulary.

Clients and Customers

We provide products and services in the Evernorth Health Services segment to clients and customers, as described below. Also described below are our significant clients.

• Clients. We provide services to managed care organizations, health insurers, third-party administrators, employers, union-sponsored benefit plans, workers' compensation plans, government health programs, providers, clinics, hospitals and others. We provide services to a majority of customers in our Cigna Healthcare segment.

• Customers. Prescription drugs are dispensed to patients connected to the service offerings we provide to clients. Prescription drugs are dispensed primarily through networks of retail pharmacies under non-exclusive contracts with us and via home delivery from Express Scripts Pharmacy and specialty pharmacies, including Accredo.

The Department of Defense ("DoD") TRICARE® Pharmacy Program is the military health care program serving active-duty service customers, National Guard and Reserve customers and retirees, as well as their dependents. We provide online claims adjudication, home delivery services, specialty pharmacy clinical services, enhanced specialty care and care coordination capabilities, claims processing and contact center support and other services critical to managing pharmacy trend. Our seven-year pharmacy program contract is through 2029. Beginning March 1, 2024, the DoD has agreed to expand TRICARE Home Delivery to include specialty pharmacy services through Accredo. Revenues from this contract are significant to the segment.

Express Scripts and Prime Therapeutics LLC ("Prime") have an agreement to deliver improved choice and affordability for Prime's clients and their customers by enhancing retail pharmacy networks and pharmaceutical manufacturer value through 2025. The agreement was expanded to include the option for Prime's plans to access the Accredo specialty pharmacy and Express Scripts home delivery pharmacies through 2025. Revenues from these contracts are significant to the segment.

Effective January 1, 2024, Express Scripts and Centene Corporation ("Centene") have a multi-year agreement to manage pharmacy benefit services for Centene's approximately 20 million customers. Centene customers will also have access to Express Scripts' extensive national network of retail pharmacies. Revenues from these contracts are expected to be significant to the segment.

Competition

The health care industry has undergone periods of substantial consolidation and may continue to consolidate in the future. Many of the largest managed care organizations now also own health services businesses that compete with Evernorth Health Services in the verticals in which we participate. We believe the primary competitive factors in the industry include the ability to: negotiate with retail pharmacies to ensure our retail pharmacy networks meet the needs of our clients and customers; provide home delivery and specialty pharmacy services; negotiate discounts and rebates on prescription drugs with drug manufacturers; specialize in claim adjudication and benefit administration; navigate the complexities of government-reimbursed business including Medicare, Medicaid and the public exchanges; manage cost and quality of specialty drugs; and use the information we obtain about drug utilization patterns and consumer behavior to reduce costs for our clients and customers and assess the level of service we provide. We believe our focus on improving the health and vitality of those we serve will allow us to further differentiate ourselves from our primary competitors shown in the chart above.

Suppliers

We maintain an inventory of brand-name and generic pharmaceuticals in our home delivery pharmacies, specialty pharmacies and specialty distributor. Our specialty pharmacies and specialty distributor also carry biopharmaceutical products to meet the needs of our customers, including pharmaceuticals for the treatment of rare or chronic diseases; if a drug is not in our inventory, we can generally obtain it from a supplier within a reasonable amount of time.

We purchase pharmaceuticals either directly from manufacturers or through authorized wholesalers. Evernorth Health Services uses one wholesaler for approximately half of our pharmaceutical purchases, but holds contracts with other wholesalers if needs for an alternate source arise. Generic pharmaceuticals are generally purchased directly from manufacturers.

Growth Strategy

Evernorth Heath Services' strategy is to continue to create value for our clients by leveraging innovation from across our business and assets to drive affordability, while improving access, service and quality. We relentlessly innovate to make the prediction, prevention and treatment of disease more accessible to millions of people.

Our growth platform includes our foundational businesses of Pharmacy Benefits and Home Delivery Pharmacy and our accelerated growth businesses of Specialty Pharmacy, Specialty Distribution and Care Delivery and Management Solutions. As we look to 2024, we will leverage our strong foundation and continue to capitalize on opportunities including: expanding our markets by evolving our

service offerings to meet changing customer demands, including focusing on our Care Solutions businesses; increasing transparency and predictability; delivering on biosimilar opportunities; driving improved enterprise affordability initiatives value; investing in our business, infrastructure and people to drive enterprise growth; and continuing to build on our new relationship with Centene.

Cross-enterprise Leverage with Cigna Healthcare. Evernorth Health Services' offerings continue to be cross-leveraged within Cigna Healthcare solutions, helping broaden our presence in the total health care delivery system, further reducing the total cost of care for clients and customers. See "Cross-enterprise Leverage" section within Item 1. Business - Overview for further information.

Key Transactions and Business Developments

See the "Executive Overview - Key Transactions and Business Developments" section of our MD&A located in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for discussion of key developments impacting this segment.

CIGNA HEALTHCARE

Cigna Healthcare includes the U.S. Healthcare and International Health operating segments, which provide comprehensive medical plan services and coordinated solutions to clients and customers. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the U.S. Commercial and U.S. Government operating segments merged to form the U.S. Healthcare operating segment. Within Cigna Healthcare, U.S. Employer and International Health are foundational growth businesses. In 2023, Cigna Healthcare reported adjusted revenues of $51.2 billion and pre-tax adjusted income from operations of $4.5 billion.

In January 2024, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Medicare Advantage, Medicare Stand-Alone Prescription Drug Plans, Medicare and Other Supplemental Benefits and CareAllies businesses within the U.S. Healthcare operating segment to HCSC for $3.3 billion cash, subject to applicable regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.

			How We Deliver
			• Clinical programs to support the highest-quality health outcomes and customer experiences.
			• Partnership with high-performing providers, emphasizing value over volume of services.
			• Differentiated approach to understanding clients and responding to evolving workforce needs to improve employee productivity and drive more consistent performance.
			• Technology and data analytics powering actionable insights and promoting solutions to improve health and vitality with greater precision and personalization.
			• Innovative integrated benefit solutions that deliver value for our customers, clients and partners.
			• Talented, experienced and caring team members who work as consultative partners in aligning client and customer needs to our solutions and putting those we serve at the center of all we do.

We offer a mix of administrative services only and medical insurance solutions to employers, groups and individuals along with specialty benefits and solutions to improve the quality of care, lower costs and help customers achieve better health outcomes. Many of these solutions are available on a stand-alone basis, but we believe additional value and savings are created when they are integrated with a Cigna Healthcare-administered health plan.

The following chart depicts a high-level summary of our principal products and services in this segment, with definitions on subsequent pages.

Principal Products & Services

Major Brand(s)

Geography

Funding Solution(s)(1)

Primary Distribution Channel(s)

Primary Competitors

U.S. Healthcare Plans

Employer Medical Plans (including Consumer-Driven Products)

Cigna Healthcare

Nationwide

ASO, GC, ER

Brokers, Private Exchanges, Direct

National Insurers, Local Healthplans, Third-Party Administrators ("TPAs")

Individual and Family Plans

Cigna Healthcare

14 states (2)

GC

Public Exchanges, Brokers, Direct

National Insurers,Local Healthplans, Provider-led Plans

Medicare Advantage Plans

Cigna Healthcare

30 states (3) & District of Columbia

GC

Direct, Brokers

National Insurers,Local Healthplans,Provider-led Plans

Medicare Stand-Alone Prescription Drug Plans

Cigna Healthcare, Express Scripts

Nationwide

ASO, GC

Direct, Brokers

National Insurers

Medicare Supplement Plans

Cigna Healthcare

48 states (4) & District of Columbia

GC

Brokers, Direct, Private Exchanges

National Insurers

U.S. Healthcare Specialty Benefits and Solutions

Behavioral Health

Cigna Healthcare

Nationwide

ASO, GC, ER

Brokers, Direct

National Insurers, Specialty Companies

Consumer Health Engagement

Cigna Healthcare

ASO, GC, ER

National Insurers, Specialty Companies

Cost Containment

Cigna Healthcare

ASO, GC, ER

National Insurers, Specialty Companies

Dental

Cigna Dental Care®

ASO, GC, ER

Dental Insurers, National Insurers

Pharmacy Management

Cigna Healthcare

ASO, GC, ER

Independent PBMs, Managed Care PBMs

Stop-Loss

Cigna Healthcare

GC

National Insurers, Specialty Companies

(1)(Our three funding solutions include administrative services only ("ASO"), insured - guaranteed cost ("GC") and insured - experience-rated ("ER") arrangements.

(2)(AZ, CO, FL, GA, IL, IN, MS, NC, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT & VA.

(3)AL, AR, AZ, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IL, KS, KY, MD, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT & WA. Effective January 1, 2024, also includes NV.

(4)All states except MA & NY.

Principal Products & Services

Major Brand(s)

Geography

Funding Solution(s)

Primary Distribution Channel(s)

Primary Competitors

International Health Products and Services

Global Health Care

Cigna Global Health Benefits, Cigna Global Individual Health

Worldwide (except as limited by applicable law)

ASO, GC, ER

Brokers, Direct

Global insurers

Local Health Care

Cigna Healthcare, ManipalCigna, CignaCMB

China, Middle East, Singapore, Hong Kong, Spain, India

Global insurers and local non-U.S. insurers

Principal Products & Services

U.S. Healthcare Plans

• Employer Medical Plans include Health Maintenance Organizations ("HMOs"), LocalPlus®, Network and Open Access Plus, and are offered through our insurance companies, HMOs and TPAs. These plans use cost-sharing incentives to encourage the use of "in-network" rather than "out-of-network" health care providers. In addition, Preferred Provider Organization ("PPO") plan offerings feature broader provider access than the other plans, do not require referrals and typically have a higher cost share if a customer seeks care with an out-of-network provider.

◦Consumer-Driven Products are paired with employer medical plans and offer customers a tax-advantaged way to pay for eligible health care expenses. These products, consisting of health savings accounts, health reimbursement accounts and flexible spending accounts, encourage customers to play an active role in managing their health and health care costs.

• Individual and Family Plans are Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("ACA") compliant exclusive provider organizations ("EPO") or HMO plans marketed to individuals under age 65 who do not have access to health care coverage through an employer or government program such as Medicare or Medicaid. Customers receive comprehensive health care benefits and have access to a local network of health care providers who have been selected with cost and quality in mind.

Held for Sale

• Medicare Advantage Plans allow Medicare-eligible customers to receive health care benefits, including prescription drugs, through a managed care health plan. Our plans include HMO and PPO plans marketed to individuals and qualified employer groups. A significant portion of our Medicare Advantage customers receive medical care from our value-based models that focus on developing highly-engaged physician networks, aligning payment incentives to improve health outcomes and using timely and transparent data sharing.

• Medicare Stand-Alone Prescription Drug ("Part D") Plans provide a number of prescription drug plan options, as well as service and information support to Medicare-eligible individuals or individuals through a qualified employer group waiver plan. Our stand-alone plans offer the coverage of Medicare combined with the flexibility to select a product that provides enhanced benefits and a formulary that aligns with the individual's needs. Eligible customers benefit from broad network access and enhanced service intended to promote adherence to treatment plans, wellness and affordability.

• Medicare Supplement Plans provide Medicare-eligible customers with federally standardized Medigap plans. Customers may select among the various plans to meet their unique needs and may visit any health care provider or facility that accepts Medicare throughout the United States without the need for a referral.

U.S. Healthcare Specialty Benefits and Solutions

• Behavioral Health solutions consist of a broad national network of behavioral health providers that includes one of the largest virtual networks in the United States, behavioral health specialty case and utilization management, a crisis intervention phone line accessible anytime, employee assistance programs and work/life programs. We integrate our programs and solutions with medical and pharmacy programs to facilitate customized, holistic care as well as to provide resources that increase resiliency and address non-medical factors that affect the overall well-being of our customers.

• Consumer Health Engagement solutions are offered to customers covered under plans administered by Cigna Healthcare or by third-party administrators and consist of an array of health management, disease management and wellness programs. Our Medical Management programs include case, specialty and utilization management and a 24/7 Health Information phone line which ensures around-the-clock access to a medical professional. Our Health Advocacy program includes early intervention in the treatment of chronic conditions and an array of health and wellness coaching. We administer incentives programs designed to encourage customers to engage in health improvement activities.

• Cost Containment Programs are designed to contain the cost of covered health care services and supplies. These programs reduce out-of-network utilization and costs, protect customers from balance billing and educate customers regarding the availability of lower cost in-network services. In addition, we negotiate discounts with out-of-network providers, review provider bills and recover overpayments. We charge fees for providing or arranging for these services. These programs may be administered by third-party vendors that have contracted with Cigna Healthcare.

• Dental solutions include HMO plans, PPO plans, exclusive provider organization plans, traditional indemnity plans and a discount program. Employers and other groups may purchase our products on either an insured or self-insured basis and as stand-alone products or in conjunction with medical products. Additionally, individual customers may purchase insured dental PPO plans as stand-alone products or in conjunction with individual medical policies.

• Pharmacy Management solutions and benefits may be combined with our medical and behavioral health offerings. We offer a comprehensive suite of pharmacy management products and services to our clients and customers, leveraging the capabilities of Evernorth Health Services.

• Stop-Loss insurance coverage is offered to self-insured clients whose group health plans are administered by Cigna Healthcare. Stop-loss insurance provides reimbursement for claims in excess of a predetermined amount for individuals, the entire group, or both.

International Health

• Global Health Care offerings include insurance and administrative services for medical, dental, pharmacy, vision and life, accidental death and dismemberment and disability risks. We are a leading provider of products and services that meet the needs of multinational employers, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations and globally mobile individuals with a focus on keeping employees healthy and productive.

• Local Health Care offerings include medical, dental, pharmacy and vision as well as life coverage. Customers include employers and individuals located in specific countries where the products and services are purchased.

Premiums and Fees

• ASO. Plan sponsors (i.e., employers, unions and other groups) create self-funded group health plans to fund all claims, but may purchase stop-loss insurance to limit exposure. We collect fees from ASO clients for providing access to our participating provider networks and for solutions supporting cost-effective benefit management including: claims administration, behavioral health solutions, disease management, utilization management, cost containment, and dental and pharmacy benefit management. Approximately 76% of our U.S. Healthcare medical customers are in ASO arrangements.

• Insured.

GC and ER. In most states, individual and group insurance premium rates must be approved by the applicable state regulatory agency (typically a department of insurance). State or federal laws may restrict or limit the use of rating methods. Premium rates are established at the beginning of a policy period and, depending on group size, may be based in whole or in part on prior experience of the policyholder or on a pool of similar policyholders. With the exception of ER policies, we generally cannot adjust premium rates to reflect actual claim experience until the next policy period; the policyholder does not participate, or share in, actual claim experience, and we retain any surplus or margin if costs are less than the premium charged (subject to minimum medical loss ratio ("MLR") rebate requirements discussed below). For all insured arrangements, we bear the risk for actual costs in excess of the premium charged. Approximately 24% of our U.S. Healthcare medical customers are in insured arrangements.

For Medicare Advantage plans, we receive fixed monthly payments from CMS for each plan customer based on customer demographic data and actual customer health risk factors compared to the broader Medicare population. Premiums may be received from customers when our plan premium exceeds the revenue received from CMS. We also may earn additional revenue from CMS related to quality performance measures (known as "Star Ratings").

The ACA subjects individual and small group policy rate increases above an identified threshold to review by the United States Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS"). Our U.S. Healthcare medical plans are subject to minimum MLR requirements. The MLR represents the percentage of premiums used to pay claims and expenses for activities that improve the quality of care. If we do not satisfy the prescribed MLR, statutes require premium refunds to policyholders or to CMS.

See the "Business - Regulation" section of this Form 10-K for additional information about premiums, MLR requirements, Star Ratings and risk adjustment programs of the ACA.

Market Segments

• U.S. Healthcare comprises the following market segments:

◦National. Employers with 3,000 or more eligible employees, primarily through ASO funding solutions.

◦Middle Market. Employers generally with 500 to 2,999 eligible employees, solutions for third-party payers, Taft-Hartley plans, as well as other groups, through ASO and insured funding solutions.

◦Select. Employers generally with 51 to 499 eligible employees, primarily through ASO with stop-loss insurance coverage and insured funding solutions.

◦Small. Employers generally with 2 to 50 eligible employees. We offer GC funding solutions in select geographies with our Cigna + Oscar product.

◦Individual and Family Plans.Includes GC, medical ACA-compliant plans on and off the public exchanges for individuals primarily under age 65 who do not have access to health care coverage through an employer or government program such as Medicare or Medicaid. We also offer individual dental plans to customers of all ages across various distribution channels.

◦Medicare Advantage. Includes individuals who are Medicare-eligible customers, as well as employer group sponsored post-65 retirees. We receive Medicare Advantage revenue from CMS based on customer demographic data and health risk factors. Revenues from CMS are significant to the market segment.

• International Healthcomprises market segments offering international plans to multinational employers and globally mobile individuals, and domestic plans to employers and individuals in specific countries outside of the United States. Employer plans in the International Health segment may be ASO or fully insured plans.

Clients and Customers

We provide clients and customers with access to a mix of medical and specialty benefits and solutions.

• Clients. Our clients include employers, third-party administrators, union-sponsored benefit plans, government health programs and other groups.

• Customers. Our customers include individuals who access our offerings through an employer-sponsored plan, government-sponsored plan, or other insured group.

Primary Distribution Channels

• Brokers. Sales representatives distribute our products and solutions to a broad group of insurance brokers and consultants.

• Direct. Cigna Healthcare sales representatives distribute our products and solutions directly to employers, unions and other groups or individuals. Various products may also be sold directly to insurance companies, HMOs and third-party administrators. Direct distribution may take the form of in-person contact, telephone or group selling venues, or online direct to consumer enrollment platforms.

• Private Exchanges. We partner with select companies that have created private exchanges where individuals and organizations can acquire health insurance. We evaluate private exchange participation opportunities as they emerge in the market and target our participation to those models that best align with our mission and value proposition.

• Public Exchanges. Cigna Healthcare offers individual ACA-compliant policies through public health insurance exchanges in select geographies.

Competition

The primary competitive factors affecting our business are quality of care and cost effectiveness of service and provider networks, effectiveness of medical care management, products that meet the needs of employers and their employees, total cost management, technology and effectiveness of marketing and sales. Financial strength, as indicated by ratings issued by nationally recognized rating agencies, is also a competitive factor. Our health advocacy capabilities, holistic approach to consumer engagement, breadth of product offerings, clinical care and health management capabilities along with an array of product funding solutions are competitive advantages. We believe our focus on improving the health and vitality of those we serve will allow us to further differentiate ourselves from our primary competitors shown in the chart above.

Growth Strategy

Cigna Healthcare's strategy is to engage customers in their health, partner with providers to help them improve their performance and connect customers and providers through aligned health goals, incentives and actionable information. This enables informed decisions and drives better outcomes. Fueled by advanced insights and predictive analytics, Cigna Healthcare continues to develop targeted, innovative solutions that span the health care delivery system and can be applied to a multitude of providers. 2024 priorities include continued development of integrated, digital-first, data-driven programs and capabilities to drive affordability and improve clinical outcomes by promoting the highest value care choices to our customer base while improving customer experience.

Arrangements enabling Cigna Healthcare to deliver growth and cross-enterprise leverage to the enterprise are described below.

Participating provider network. We provide our customers with an extensive national network of participating health care providers, hospitals and other facilities, pharmacies and providers of health care services and supplies. In addition, we have strategic alliances with several regional managed care organizations to gain access to their provider networks and discounts.

Provider partnerships. We enter into a variety of provider partnerships to continuously improve the quality of care for those we serve.

• Accountable Care Program. We have more than 200 collaborative care arrangements with primary care groups and have been a pioneer in the transition from fee-for-service to value-based payment arrangements with providers. Our flagship program is the Cigna Collaborative Accountable Care program ("CAC"). The program rewards providers for improving

quality outcomes as well as improving medical cost performance. The quality model also includes elements related to health disparities and social determinants of health.

• Specialist Programs. We have more than 100 arrangements with specialist groups in value-based reimbursement arrangements across six different disciplines. Arrangements include incentives for enhanced care coordination and episodes of care reimbursements for meeting cost and quality goals. These programs include prospective bundled payment arrangements beginning with orthopedics.

• Hospital Quality Program. We have contracts with more than 200 hospital systems, involving more than 800 hospitals, with reimbursements tied to quality metrics.

• Independent Practice Associations. We have value-based physician engagement models in our Medicare Advantage plans that allow physician groups to share financial outcomes with us. This clinical model also includes outreach to new and at-risk patients to ensure they are accessing their primary care physician.

Site of care optimization. We encourage the use of clinically appropriate settings to reduce the cost of care through our clinical programs and partnership with eviCore. This results in significant cost savings while ensuring high quality care and service. Additionally, we provide access to MDLIVE virtual care services as a way to reduce the cost of care while supporting the patient/provider relationship, and we provide flexibility for customers to access MDLIVE’s network of virtual care providers for preventative and routine primary care and wellness, urgent care, dermatology care, behavioral health care needs and chronic condition management.

Cross-enterprise leverage with Evernorth Health Services. We continue to expand the breadth and depth of the Evernorth Health Services pharmacy benefit services and specialty and care services available to Cigna Healthcare clients and customers to deliver value by improving affordability, access, quality of care, care innovations and transparency. See "Cross-enterprise Leverage" section within Item 1. Business - Overview for further information.

Key Transactions and Business Developments

See the "Executive Overview - Key Transactions and Business Developments" section of our MD&A located in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K for discussion of key developments impacting this segment.

OTHER OPERATIONS

Other Operations comprises the remainder of our business operations, which includes certain ongoing businesses and exited businesses. Our ongoing businesses include our continuing business, COLI, as described below, as well as our run-off businesses. Our run-off businesses include (i) variable annuity reinsurance business (formerly referred to as GMDB and GMIB business) that were effectively exited through reinsurance with Berkshire Hathaway Life Insurance Company of Nebraska in 2013, (ii) settlement annuity business, and (iii) individual life insurance and annuity and retirement benefits businesses which were sold through reinsurance agreements. Our exited businesses include the international life, accident and supplemental benefits businesses sold in July 2022 and our interest in a joint venture in Türkiye sold in December 2022.

In 2023, Other Operations reported adjusted revenues of $0.6 billion and pre-tax adjusted income from operations of $96 million.

Ongoing Businesses

Continuing Business

Corporate-Owned Life Insurance

The principal products of the COLI business are permanent insurance contracts sold to corporations to provide coverage on the lives of certain employees for financing employer-paid future benefit obligations. Permanent life insurance provides coverage that, when adequately funded, does not expire after a term of years. The contracts are primarily non-participating universal life policies. Fees for universal life insurance products consist primarily of mortality and administrative charges assessed against the policyholder's fund balance. Interest credited and mortality charges for universal life and mortality charges on variable universal life may be adjusted prospectively to reflect expected interest and mortality experience. To reduce our exposure to large individual losses, we purchase reinsurance from unaffiliated reinsurers.

Run-off Businesses

Settlement Annuity Business

Our settlement annuity business is a closed, run-off block of single premium annuity contracts. These contracts are primarily liability settlements with approximately 13% of the liabilities associated with guaranteed payments not contingent on survivorship. Non-guaranteed payments are contingent on the survival of one or more parties involved in the settlement.

Reinsurance

Our reinsurance operations are an inactive business in run-off. In February 2013, we effectively exited the variable annuity reinsurance business (formerly referred to as GMDB and GMIB business) by reinsuring 100% of our future exposures, net of retrocessional arrangements in place at that time, up to a specified limit. For additional information regarding this reinsurance transaction and the arrangements that secure our reinsurance recoverables, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Individual Life Insurance and Annuity and Retirement Benefits Businesses

The individual life insurance and annuity business and the retirement benefits business were sold through reinsurance agreements in 1998 and 2004, respectively. For more information regarding the arrangements that secure our reinsurance recoverables for the retirement benefits business, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Exited Businesses

International Life Accident and Supplemental Benefits and Our Interest in a Joint Venture in Türkiye

We offered life, accident and supplemental benefits insurance products and services in Hong Kong, Indonesia, New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand until completion of the sale of these businesses in July 2022 to Chubb INA Holdings, Inc. ("Chubb"). South Korea represented our single largest geographic market for these businesses. In December 2022, we divested our ownership interest in Cigna Sağlık Hayat ve Emeklilik, our joint venture in Türkiye, to our long-time partner QNB Finansbank.

MISCELLANEOUS

• Revenues from U.S. Federal Government agencies, under a number of contracts, represented 15% of our consolidated revenues in 2023 and 14% in both 2022 and 2021.

• The Company does not rely on business from one or a few brokers or agents.

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

Our investment operations provide investment management and related services for our various businesses, including the insurance-related invested assets in our General Account ("General Account Invested Assets"). We acquire or originate, directly or through intermediaries, a broad range of investments, including private placement and public securities, commercial mortgage loans, real estate, mezzanine debt, private equity partnerships and short-term investments. Invested assets also include policy loans that are fully collateralized by insurance policy cash values. We also enter into derivative financial instruments, primarily to minimize the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments and to manage the interest rate exposures of our long-term debt. Invested assets are managed primarily by our subsidiaries and, to a lesser extent, external managers with whom our subsidiaries contract. Net investment income is included as a component of adjusted income from operations for each of our segments and Corporate. Realized investment gains (losses) are reported by segment but excluded from adjusted income from operations. For additional information about invested assets, see the "Investment Assets" section of the MD&A and Notes 12 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We manage our investment portfolios to reflect the underlying characteristics of related insurance and contractholder liabilities and capital requirements, as well as regulatory and tax considerations pertaining to those liabilities and state investment laws. Insurance and contractholder liabilities range from short-duration health care products to longer-term obligations associated with corporate-owned life insurance products and the run-off settlement annuity business. Assets supporting these liabilities are managed in segregated investment portfolios to facilitate matching of asset durations and cash flows to those of corresponding liabilities. Investment results are affected by the amount and timing of cash available for investment, economic and market conditions and asset allocation decisions. We routinely monitor and evaluate the status of our investments, obtaining and analyzing relevant investment-

specific information and assessing current economic conditions, trends in capital markets and other factors such as industry sector, geographic and property-specific information.

Separate Accounts

Our subsidiaries or external advisors manage invested assets of separate accounts on behalf of contractholders, including The Cigna Group Pension Plan, variable universal life products sold through our corporate-owned life insurance products and the run-off businesses. These assets are legally segregated from our other businesses and are not included in General Account Invested Assets. Income, gains and losses generally accrue directly to the contractholders.

STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS

The Cigna Group Ventures. In addition to the portfolio investments in our general and separate accounts discussed in the Investment Management section above that support our insurance operations, we make targeted investments within the health care industry, specifically. The Cigna Group has committed $700 million in aggregate since the formation of The Cigna Group Ventures, our strategic corporate venture fund which invests in promising startups and growth-stage companies who, like us, are unlocking new growth possibilities in health care. We invest in companies making groundbreaking progress in three strategic areas: insights and analytics, digital health and experience, and care delivery and enablement. As of December 31, 2023, The Cigna Group Ventures has approximately 10 venture capital partners and 25 existing direct investments. Through these deep partnerships we collaborate, innovate and develop new solutions that address critical challenges of health and vitality impacting the people we serve.

VillageMD. In 2023, we became a minority owner in VillageMD by investing $2.7 billion in VillageMD preferred equity. VillageMD (majority-owned by Walgreens Boots Alliance, Inc.) provides health care services for individuals and communities across the United States, with primary, multi-specialty and urgent care providers serving patients in traditional clinic settings, in patients' homes and online appointments. VillageMD and its subsidiaries operate in 26 markets and are responsible for millions of patients. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this investment.

CarepathRx Health Systems Solutions. In 2023, we acquired a minority interest in CarepathRx Health Systems Solutions. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this investment.

DIGITAL, DATA AND TECHNOLOGY

The Cigna Group's investments in digital, data and technology are focused on cultivating robust digital-first capabilities to better engage with customers and stakeholders. We deliver value for our clients, customers and other stakeholders by creating better health outcomes, improving customer experience and lowering total cost of care.

Innovation. Customer-centric, digital-first, virtual-led vision for health care remains at the forefront of our priorities. The advancement of our internal innovative capabilities and strategic partnerships continues to produce new and more effective ways to engage with our customers to help close gaps in care, optimize treatment and improve outcomes. During 2023, the Technology team continued to deliver value for current business while simultaneously focusing on reducing complexity and cost within our technology ecosystem. As we continue to simplify our technology ecosystem, we expect an increase in digital advancements, customer engagement, loyalty and speed to market.

In 2023, The Cigna Group continued to invest in our technology capabilities to produce new and more effective ways to operate, as well as meet customers where they are. We intend to lead with digital engagement by creating connections between points of care and guiding customers through the best mechanism to the optimal location and provider. Our modernized data and technology ecosystem will enable us to integrate our assets, gather insights and engage with prospects and customers in new ways. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our capital expenditures for property, equipment and computer software were $1.6 billion.

The Cigna Group continued to transform and improve the way health care is delivered through automation, advanced analytics and Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) technologies. We utilize these technologies today to analyze data and uncover patterns and insights to help improve outcomes, increase connectivity between the patient and the health care system, speed up administrative processes, and improve the overall member experience.

The Cigna Group continued to accelerate the pace of development and innovation through our new AI Center of Enablement ("COE"). Our AI COE focuses on Generative AI ("Gen AI"), and assesses and governs guardrails, systemic controls, and processes to provide oversight to ensure the responsible use of Gen AI practices. These commitments are intended to ensure our Gen AI capabilities and

solutions are ethical, defensible, and in compliance with health care privacy and security requirements. With these strict practices and protocols in place, we anticipate rapidly adapting and capitalizing on new opportunities in an increasingly competitive and fast-changing digital landscape. Exploring and implementing new and emerging technology opportunities enables us to improve efficiency via automation, reduce costs and enhance overall decision-making, all while providing real-time, personalized and connected experiences for our customers, patients, clients and provider partners.

Data and Analytics. Our rich, integrated data allows us to provide differentiated outcomes. We conduct timely, rigorous and objective research and analysis that informs evidence-based medical and pharmacy benefit management and evaluates the clinical, economic and individual impact of enhanced benefit designs and programs. The combination of our predictive analytics, as well as our machine and deep learning capabilities create actionable intelligence that informs decision-making of our health care professionals. Our data-driven approach to behavioral health provides personalized and customized care across the entire continuum for the populations we serve. These solutions predict emerging health needs, close gaps in care and drive cost savings - all while empowering whole-person and whole-family health.

During 2023, we continued to leverage both internal and external data to identify and address health disparities and better understand the long-term medical and behavioral complications facing our customers. The data-informed approach allows for delivery of solutions with a digital-first entry point that meet our customers where they are to offer physical and behavioral health support.

Digital. Our digital health focus has shown value across the enterprise by imagining the future of health care and creating engaging experiences that give customers the right information at the right time. We continue to bring new and reusable technology-enabled products and services to the market, expanding on a platform that connects to a given benefit structure in a single personalized environment. This allows for further capitalization on our unique data and enables the design of innovative digital solutions that improve health care experiences and provide more affordable health care for all. Cybersecurity protections continue to be a top priority across The Cigna Group's digital offerings to further strengthen our security posture and grow the trust of those we serve. See Part 1. Item C - Cybersecurity of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding our cybersecurity practices and governance.

Technology Operations. Our Technology team, powered by approximately 9,500 employees and several thousand external resources collaborating with our partners, supports the various information systems essential to our operations, including the health benefit claims processing systems and specialty and home delivery pharmacy systems. Uninterrupted point-of-sale electronic retail pharmacy claims processing is a significant operational requirement for our business. We believe we have substantial capacity for growth in our United States pharmacy claims processing facilities. Our pharmacy technology platform allows us to safely, rapidly and accurately adjudicate over one billion adjusted prescriptions annually. Our technology helps retail pharmacies focus on patient care and our real-time safety checks help avoid medication errors. The Cigna Group companies hold over 400 United States patents. We use these patents to protect our proprietary technological advances and to differentiate ourselves in the market.

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Cigna Group's mission is to improve the health and vitality of those we serve. A global healthy and diverse workforce is essential to achieving our mission and our business growth strategies. We are continually investing in our global workforce to support our employees' health and well-being, further drive diversity and inclusion, provide fair and market-competitive pay and foster employee growth and development. As of the end of 2023, we had approximately 72,500 employees, with approximately 93% of our employees based in the United States. Approximately 97% of our employees are full-time.

Health, Well-Being and Other Benefits

Tending to our employees' health and vitality is a critical business imperative for our company and one of the most important investments in our enterprise that we make each year. We believe that when we support our employees' health and well-being, they are more productive and engaged in driving our mission and business strategy forward, thereby creating shareholder value. In 2023, The Cigna Group invested approximately 18% of total payroll in health, well-being and other benefits, including life and disability programs, 401(k) contributions and retirement-related benefits for our employees in the United States.

In addition to traditional medical and pharmacy benefits, we provide multi-dimensional wellness programming to support the physical, mental, financial, and social health, as well as overall vitality of employees, including: nutrition and fitness programs, employee assistance program (EAP) benefits that are free to all employees and to all members of their household, and digital tools that provide access to education and therapy to help individuals build greater resilience and cope with stress, anxiety and depression.

Diversity, Equity & Inclusion

At The Cigna Group, we take an expansive view of diversity including race, ethnicity, nationality, gender, veteran status, disability, sexual orientation and gender identity. As of the end of 2023, based on employee self-reporting, approximately 71% of our employees were women, and approximately 41% of our employees in the United States were ethnic minorities (which includes Black / African American, Asian, Hispanic or Latino/a, Pacific Islander and American Indian / Alaskan employees).

We are committed to attracting and recruiting key diverse talent into various leadership development programs and other entry level positions across the business. This success is rooted in strategic relationships with student groups at our partner colleges and universities, as well as our engagement with multiple national, regional and local organizations, which provide us focused recruiting opportunities with women, the LGBTQ+ community, military veterans and underrepresented minority groups.

Our compensation practices, rooted in our pay-for-performance philosophy, promote equity in pay through measures such as benchmarking compensation by role, eliminating inquiries regarding applicants' compensation history from the hiring process and monitoring for potential disparities. Our most recent pay equity analysis among our U.S. employees, conducted in 2024, illustrated that female employees of The Cigna Group earn more than 99 cents for every dollar earned by similarly-situated male employees, and employees from underrepresented groups (which includes Black/African American, Hispanic or Latino/a, Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaskan employees) earn more than 99 cents for every dollar earned by similarly-situated white employees. We also analyzed gender pay on a global basis and found that across the entire Company female employees at The Cigna Group earn more than 99 cents for every dollar earned by similarly-situated male employees.

Talent Acquisition, Development and Retention

Our talent acquisition and rewards strategies are designed to attract and retain skilled employees who are engaged in our mission. Our compensation program is rooted in market competitive base salaries and incentives that reward contributions that advance the Company's strategy and mission. In 2023, the voluntary turnover rate was approximately 11% for all employees, signaling a return to pre-pandemic levels.

Our talent acquisition team is both online and on the ground in communities and at colleges and universities to find and recruit the best and brightest talent. Our top ranked external career website allows candidates to learn about The Cigna Group and search for open positions. We also leverage technology and an omnichannel strategy to create awareness and attract candidates through email, text message, social media, a quarterly newsletter, and one-to-one outreach from our recruiters.

We recognize the importance of flexibility in the workplace and provide schedules, tools, and support for employees to balance their work responsibilities with their life outside of work. We also empower our employees to volunteer by offering two distinct benefit programs. The first is volunteer time off, referred to as "Use Your 8," for eligible employees to take eight hours of paid leave annually to volunteer with a nonprofit of their choice. The second is our Community Ambassador Fellowship, a program through which employees apply for up to three months of paid leave to support a specific community-based project.

To further engage and reward employees, we have an employee recognition program called Cigna Standout that allows employees to recognize their colleagues for their contributions to our Company and to celebrate both personal and professional milestones. Every employee is empowered to use this system to recognize colleagues for going above and beyond or simply say thank you.

Our online learning platform and career development tools, including a career portal and career planning tool, offer a broad range of training, education and development resources to all employees. In 2023, based on internal data, employees on average engaged in 30 hours of learning through these resources. Enterprise leadership development programs are provided to executive, high-potential and new manager audiences to develop and expand leadership capability across the enterprise. We also offer leadership development programs to recent graduates who seek valuable career experience with The Cigna Group, as well as opportunities for college students to join The Cigna Group for a paid summer internship.The Cigna Group offers an education reimbursement program for both full and part-time employees who meet the continuing education criteria. We believe these strategies and programs contribute to employee engagement and retention.

ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE

The Cigna Group's environmental, social and governance ("ESG") framework is structured around four connected pillars that underscore our enterprise mission to improve the health and vitality of those we serve. We drive action through this framework to deliver on our ESG vision: to transform the ecosystem of health into one that is well-functioning, sustainable, accessible and equitable - advancing better health for all. Our commitment to this vision guides us in our multidimensional value-creation strategy as we strive to meet the needs of our many stakeholders. The four pillars of our ESG framework are:

Healthy Society

We advance better health for all. Building a well-functioning, sustainable, accessible and equitable health care system requires understanding and addressing social determinants of health and improving medical quality and access while lowering health risks, promoting preventive health interventions and coordinating all aspects of care. We drive progress in each of these areas by aligning our products and services with value-based care models, leveraging integrated benefits, managing drug costs through innovation, expanding digital offerings and reviewing coverage policies for health equity. We also help to eliminate barriers to care and address other factors that contribute to health disparities.

Healthy Workforce

We believe that employers play a vital role in the health care system, and we strive to be a model for others by prioritizing the health and vitality of employees within our own company. A healthy and diverse workforce is essential to achieving our mission, and we continually invest in our employees to support their health and vitality, to foster their growth and development and to further cultivate diversity and inclusion. See further discussion of this pillar within Part I, Item 1 "Human Capital Management" section above.

Healthy Environment

We believe that responsible environmental stewardship can improve health and vitality and also makes sound business sense. We strive to identify new efficiencies and make strategic investments that reduce our environmental impacts and our operating costs. In addition, we see an opportunity to positively impact the environment through ways we are advancing our business, including through our continued investment in virtual care.

Healthy Company

We have a deep and long-held commitment to strong governance as well as ethical and resilient business practices. This includes protecting the sensitive data of our clients and customers by ensuring cybersecurity incident response preparedness, as well as supporting a responsible supply chain and committing to increasing our annual diverse supplier spend.

REGULATION

The laws and regulations governing our business continue to increase each year and are subject to frequent change. We are regulated by federal, state and international legislative bodies and agencies, which generally have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. These regulations can vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and the interpretation of existing laws and rules also may change periodically. Domestic and international governments continue to enact and consider various legislative and regulatory proposals, which could materially impact the health care system. We expect continued legislative and regulatory debate of issues related to our businesses. As has become increasingly common with public policy reforms in the health services industry, executive, judicial or legislative intervention could alter, slow or eliminate the impact of any proposal following the related regulation's promulgation.

Many aspects of our business are directly regulated by federal and state laws and administrative agencies, such as HHS, CMS, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), the U.S. Departments of Labor ("DOL") and Treasury, the Office of Personnel Management ("OPM"), the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC"), the SEC, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology ("ONC"), state departments of insurance and state boards of pharmacy. Our business practices may also be shaped by enforcement actions of federal agencies, such as the Department of Justice ("DOJ"), state agencies, as well as judicial decisions.

In addition, aspects of our business are subject to indirect regulation. The self-funded benefit plans sponsored by our U.S. employer clients are regulated under federal law. These self-funded clients expect us to ensure that our administration of their plans complies with the regulatory requirements applicable to them.

Our business operations and the books and records of our regulated businesses are routinely subject to examination and audit at regular intervals by state insurance and HMO regulatory agencies, state boards of pharmacy, CMS, DOL, IRS, OPM and comparable international regulators to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Our operations are also subject to non-routine examinations, audits and investigations by various state and federal regulatory agencies, generally as the result of a complaint. In addition, we may be implicated in investigations of our clients whose group benefit plans we administer on their behalf. As a result, we routinely receive subpoenas and other demands or requests for information from various state insurance and HMO regulatory agencies, state attorneys general, the HHS Office of Inspector General ("HHS-OIG"), the DOJ, the DOL and other state, federal and international authorities. We may also be called upon by members of the U.S. Congress to provide information, including testifying before Congressional committees and subcommittees, regarding certain of our business practices. If The Cigna Group is determined to have failed to comply with applicable laws or regulations, these examinations, audits, investigations, reviews, subpoenas and demands may:

• result in fines, penalties, injunctions, consent orders or other settlement agreements such as corporate integrity agreements or loss of licensure;

• suspend or exclude us from participation in government programs or limit our ability to sell or market our products;

• require changes in business practices;

• damage relationships with the agencies that regulate us and affect our ability to secure regulatory approvals necessary for the operation of our business; or

• damage our brand and reputation.

Our international subsidiaries are subject to regulations in international jurisdictions, including in certain cases many regulations similar to the federal and state regulations described below, which are complex and where foreign insurers may face more rigorous regulations than their domestic competitors and may also be affected by geopolitical developments or tensions.

The laws and regulations governing our business, as well as the related interpretations, are subject to frequent change and can be inconsistent or in conflict with each other. Changes in our business environment are likely to continue as elected and appointed officials at the national and state levels continue to propose and enact significant modifications to existing laws and regulations. Even where we believe that we are in compliance with the various laws and regulations, any enforcement actions by federal, state or international government officials alleging non-compliance with these rules and regulations could subject us to penalties or restructuring or reorganization of our business. For a discussion of the risks related to our compliance with these laws and regulations see the Risk Factors section located in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K. Management continues to be actively engaged with regulators and policymakers with respect to legislation and rulemaking.

COVID-19-related Regulatory Actions

On May 11, 2023, the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency ("PHE") declared by the Secretary of HHS ended. Some of the legislative and regulatory flexibilities that the U.S. federal and state governments enacted in response to COVID-19 and its variants which were not affected by the end of the PHE were made permanent or were extended. Other legislative and regulatory flexibilities, such as required coverage of COVID-19 tests without cost sharing and certain Medicare and Medicaid waivers for health care providers, ended on May 11 or were set to expire within a certain period of time after the end of the PHE. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, also provided that states could restart Medicaid eligibility renewals and terminations for ineligible individuals. As a result, states resumed Medicaid redeterminations for the first time since the PHE began; these redeterminations are anticipated to continue through early spring 2024. While state approaches to redeterminations vary, under the redeterminations, many beneficiaries are no longer eligible for Medicaid. As a result, some of the beneficiaries determined to be ineligible for Medicaid sought or will seek alternate coverage in the individual marketplace.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("ACA") mandated broad changes to the U.S. health care system that affect insured and self-insured health benefit plans and pharmacy benefit managers. Our business model is impacted by the ACA, including our relationships with current and future producers and health care providers, products, service providers and technologies. The provisions of the ACA imposed, among other things, certain assessments on health insurers, created health insurance exchanges for individuals and small group employers to purchase insurance coverage and implemented minimum MLRs for our Cigna Healthcare business. Certain states have adopted MLR requirements applicable to our employer businesses that are more stringent than those established by the ACA. Other provisions of the ACA in effect include reduced Medicare Advantage payment rates, the requirement to cover preventive services with no enrollee cost-sharing, banning the use of lifetime and annual limits on the dollar amount of essential health benefits, increasing restrictions on rescinding coverage, extending coverage of dependents up to age 26, restrictions on differential pricing, enforcement mechanisms and rules related to health care fraud and abuse enforcement activities and certain pharmacy benefit transparency requirements. The employer mandate requires employers with 50 or more full-time employees to offer affordable health insurance that provides minimum value (each as defined under the ACA) to full-time employees and their dependents, including

children up to age 26, or be subject to penalties based on employer size. The ACA also changed certain tax laws to effectively limit tax deductions for certain employee compensation paid by health insurers. In December 2019, the federal government repealed the non-deductible health insurance industry fee effective for 2021, as well as the enacted but never implemented 40% excise tax on certain employer-sponsored coverage (known as the "Cadillac Tax") and the medical device tax. In 2021, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government temporarily expanded eligibility for ACA subsidies to higher-income people who did not otherwise qualify, increased ACA subsidies for lower-income people who already qualify for 2021 and 2022, provided subsidies for individuals who receive unemployment benefits in 2021 and prevented taxpayers who misestimated their income in 2020 from having to repay excess premium tax credits. The Inflation Reduction Act, which was signed into law in August 2022, extended the expanded and increased premium tax credits for individuals enrolled in ACA qualified health plans, through December 31, 2025.

Medicare and Medicaid Regulations

Through our subsidiaries, we offer individual and group Medicare Advantage, Medicare Prescription Drug and Medicare Supplement products. We also provide Medicare Part D-related products and services to other Medicare Part D sponsors, Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plans and employers and clients offering Medicare Part D benefits to Medicare Part D eligible beneficiaries, including those dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid benefits ("dual-eligible"). As part of our Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D business, we contract with CMS to provide services to Medicare beneficiaries. We offer dual-eligible products and participate in state Medicaid programs directly or indirectly through our clients who are Medicaid managed care contractors. We also perform certain Medicaid subrogation services and certain delegated services for clients, including utilization management, which are regulated by federal and state laws. Our dual-eligible products are regulated by CMS and state Medicaid agencies audit our performance to determine compliance with contracts and regulations. Our ability to obtain payment (and the determination of the amount of such payments), market to, enroll and retain customers and expand into new service areas is subject to compliance with CMS' numerous and complex regulations and requirements that are frequently modified and subject to administrative discretion, review and enforcement.

CMS evaluates Medicare Advantage plans and Part D plans under its "Star Rating" system. The Star Rating system considers various measures adopted by CMS, including, for example, quality of care, preventive services, chronic illness management, coverage determinations and appeals and customer satisfaction. A plan's Star Rating affects its image in the market and plans that perform very well are able to offer enhanced benefits and market more effectively and for longer periods of time than other plans. Medicare Advantage plans' quality-bonus payments are determined by the Star Rating, with plans receiving a rating of four or more stars eligible for such payments. The Star Rating system is subject to change annually by CMS, which may make it more difficult to achieve and maintain four stars or greater. For example, beginning with Star Ratings for payment year 2024, CMS will place more emphasis on patient experience survey-based measures which could reduce Star Ratings predictability year over year. Additionally, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on 2020 care patterns and utilization, CMS finalized rules applying relief to Medicare Advantage and Part D Plan Star Ratings for payment year 2023 by utilizing the higher of the payment year 2023 or 2022 measure level Star Ratings.

CMS provides risk-adjusted premium payments for Medicare Advantage plans based on our customer demographics and medical diagnoses, which may change from period to period based on the underlying health of our customers. Under this model, rates paid to Medicare Advantage plans are based on actuarially determined bids, which include a process whereby our prospective payments are based on our estimated cost of providing standard Medicare-covered benefits to an enrollee with a "national average risk profile." That baseline payment amount is adjusted to reflect the health status of our enrolled membership. Under the risk-adjustment methodology, Medicare Advantage plans must collect and submit the necessary diagnosis code information from hospital inpatient, hospital outpatient and physician providers to CMS within prescribed deadlines. We generally rely on providers to appropriately document their claims and other submissions with appropriate diagnoses from which we extract hierarchical condition codes to submit to CMS as the basis for our payments received under the actuarial risk-adjustment model. The CMS risk-adjustment model uses the diagnosis data to calculate the risk-adjusted premium payment to the plans. These adjustments are generally settled semi-annually with CMS. The final adjustment is generally settled with CMS in the year following the contract year. CMS may conduct audits to validate risk-adjustment data submitted by health plans.

On January 30, 2023, CMS issued the Final Rule titled "Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage, Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit, Program for All-inclusive Care for the Elderly ("PACE"), Medicaid Fee-For-Service, and Medicaid Managed Care Programs for Years 2020 and 2021," effective April 3, 2023. The Final Rule addresses CMS's audit methodology and related policies for the Risk Adjustment Data Validation ("RADV"). Although CMS did not specify their sampling or extrapolation methodology the rule did codify that CMS will use a statistically valid method for sampling and extrapolation of error rates and the decision not to apply a fee for service adjuster when determining RADV audit findings. CMS will not apply extrapolation to RADV audits until the 2018 payment year with payment recoveries for those RADV audits expected in 2025. Audits for payment years prior to 2018 are not subject to extrapolation. RADV audits for our contract years 2011 through 2015 are currently awaiting CMS finalization. The Company is not currently subject to RADV audits for the 2018 and subsequent payment years. The Final Rule is currently being challenged in federal district court.

Coverage of prescription drugs under Medicare Part D is also regulated by CMS and our contracts with CMS contain provisions for risk sharing and certain payments for prescription drug costs for which we are not at risk. These provisions affect our ultimate payments from CMS. For example, premiums from CMS are subject to risk corridor payments that compare costs targeted in our annual bids with actual prescription costs, limited to actual costs that would have been incurred under the standard coverage as defined by CMS. Variances exceeding certain thresholds may result in CMS making additional payments to us or require us to refund to CMS a portion of the payments we received.

We expect CMS, HHS-OIG, DOJ and other federal agencies to continue to closely scrutinize each component of the Medicare Advantage program and modify the terms and requirements of the program through rulemaking or enforcement activities. The Company continues to believe that further regulation or changes to existing regulations could result in disruption in the marketplace including the potential for some combination of degraded plan benefits and higher monthly premiums. Noncompliance with these laws and regulations may result in significant consequences, including fines and penalties, enrollment sanctions, exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs, limitations on expansion and criminal penalties.

In January 2024, we entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Medicare Advantage, Medicare Stand-Alone Prescription Drug Plans, Medicare and Other Supplemental Benefits and CareAllies businesses to HCSC for $3.3 billion cash, subject to applicable regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.

False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Laws

Our products and services are also subject to the federal False Claims Act (the "False Claims Act"), state false claims acts and federal and state anti-kickback laws. Additionally, the federal government has made investigating and prosecuting health care fraud, waste and abuse a priority. Fraud, waste and abuse prohibitions encompass a wide range of activities, including kickbacks in return for customer referrals, billing for unnecessary medical services, upcoding and improper marketing. The regulations and contractual requirements in this area are complex, frequently modified and subject to administrative discretion and judicial interpretation.

False Claims Act and Related Criminal Provisions. The False Claims Act imposes civil penalties on any person who knowingly, as defined by the statute, makes, conspires to make, or causes to be made false claims, records, or statements, or fails to return known overpayments, in connection with reimbursement by federal government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. Private individuals have brought and may bring qui tam or "whistleblower" suits under the False Claims Act, which authorizes the payment of a portion of any recovery to the individual bringing suit. The ACA amended the federal anti-kickback laws to state any claim submitted to a federal or state health care program that violates the anti-kickback laws is also a false claim under the False Claims Act. The False Claims Act generally provides for the imposition of civil penalties and for treble damages, creating the possibility of substantial financial liabilities. Criminal statutes similar to the False Claims Act provide that if a corporation is convicted of presenting a claim or making a statement it knows to be false, fictitious or fraudulent to any federal agency, the corporation may be fined. Conviction under these statutes may also result in exclusion from participation in federal and state health care programs. Many states have also enacted laws similar to the False Claims Act, some of which may include criminal penalties, substantial fines and treble damages.

Anti-Kickback and Referral Laws. Subject to certain exceptions and "safe harbors," the federal anti-kickback statute generally prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully paying, receiving or offering any payment or other remuneration to induce a person to purchase, lease, order or arrange for items (including prescription drugs) or services reimbursable in whole or in part under Medicare, Medicaid or another federal health care program. Many states have similar laws, some of which are not limited to items or services paid for with government funds. Sanctions for violating these federal and state anti-kickback laws may include criminal and civil fines and exclusion from participation in federal and state health care programs.

Anti-kickback laws have been cited as a partial basis, along with state consumer protection laws described below, for investigations and multi-state settlements relating to financial incentives provided by drug manufacturers to pharmacies or payors in connection with "product conversion" or promotion programs. Other anti-kickback and referral laws may also be applicable including criminal and civil laws restricting illegal kickbacks and conflicts of interest in connection with plans governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), the federal "Stark Law," and various state anti-kickback restrictions.

In November 2020, HHS and HHS-OIG released a final rule that eliminates an anti-kickback regulatory safe harbor protection for price concessions, including rebates, that are offered by pharmaceutical manufacturers to plan sponsors or pharmacy benefit managers under the Medicare Part D program. The final rule creates two new safe harbors: (i) for price reductions by manufacturers to plan sponsors under Medicare Part D and Medicaid managed care organizations that are reflected at the time of dispense and (ii) for fixed-fee service arrangements between manufacturers and pharmacy benefit managers. The effective date of the final rule has been postponed to 2032.

Federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law. The federal civil monetary penalty statute provides for civil monetary penalties against any person who gives something of value to a Medicare or Medicaid program beneficiary that the person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary's selection of a particular provider for Medicare or Medicaid items or services. Under this law, our wholly-owned home delivery pharmacies, specialty pharmacies and home health providers are restricted from offering certain items of value to influence a Medicare or Medicaid patient's use of services. The ACA also includes several civil monetary provisions, such as penalties for the failure to report and return a known overpayment and failure to grant timely access to the HHS-OIG under certain circumstances.

Federal and State Oversight of Government-Sponsored Health Care Programs

Participation in government-sponsored health care programs subjects us to a variety of federal and state laws and regulations and risks associated with audits conducted under these programs. These audits may occur years after the provision of services. Risks include potential fines and penalties, restrictions on our ability to participate or expand our presence in certain programs and restrictions on marketing our plans. For example, with respect to our Medicare Advantage business, CMS and the HHS-OIG perform audits to determine a health plan's compliance with federal regulations and contractual obligations, including program audits and RADV audits, which focus on compliance with proper coding practices. Certain of our contracts are currently subject to audits by CMS and the HHS-OIG, including RADV audits. CMS has announced that its goal is to subject all Medicare Advantage contracts to either a comprehensive or a targeted RADV audit for each contract year. The DOJ is also currently conducting industry-wide investigations of the risk adjustment data submission practices and business processes of a number of Medicare Advantage organizations. The Cigna Group was a party to such an investigation, which was settled during the third quarter of 2023. Please see “—Medicare and Medicaid Regulations” for further information related to the settlement and the related CIA.

For our Medicare Part D business, compliance with certain contractual provisions and regulatory requirements is subject to review by Recovery Audit Contractor audits in which third-party contractors conduct post-payment reviews on a contingency fee basis to detect and correct improper payments.

Government Procurement Regulations

We have a contract with the U.S. DoD, which subjects us to applicable Federal Acquisition Regulations ("FAR") and the DoD FAR Supplement, which govern federal government contracts. Further, there are other federal and state laws applicable to our DoD arrangement and our arrangements with other clients that may be subject to government procurement regulations. In addition, certain of our clients participate as contracting carriers in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program administered by the OPM, which includes various pharmacy benefit management standards.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act

Our domestic subsidiaries sell most of their products and services to sponsors of employee benefit plans that are governed by ERISA. ERISA is a complex set of federal laws and regulations enforced by the IRS and the DOL, as well as the courts. ERISA regulates certain aspects of the relationship between us, the employers that maintain employee welfare benefit plans subject to ERISA and the participants in such plans. Certain of our domestic subsidiaries are also subject to requirements imposed by ERISA affecting claim payment and appeals procedures for individual health insurance and insured and self-insured group health plans and for the insured plans we administer. Certain of our domestic subsidiaries also may contractually agree to comply with these requirements on behalf of the self-insured plans they administer. We believe the conduct of our pharmacy benefit management business is not generally subject to the fiduciary obligations of ERISA. However, there can be no assurances that the DOL may not assert that pharmacy benefit managers are fiduciaries. From time to time, states have considered and, in limited cases, enacted legislation to declare a pharmacy benefit manager or health benefit manager a fiduciary with respect to its clients.

Plans subject to ERISA may also be subject to state laws and the legal question of whether and to what extent ERISA preempts a state law is likely to continue to be a subject for interpretation by the courts for years to come.

Privacy, Security and Data Standards Regulations

Numerous federal, state and foreign laws and regulations govern the creation, collection, dissemination, receipt, maintenance, protection, use, transmission, disclosure, privacy, confidentiality, security, availability, integrity, processing, and disposal (collectively "Processing") of protected health information ("PHI") and other personally identifiable information ("PII"). Many of our activities involve Processing of PHI and PII. In addition, we use aggregated and/or anonymized data for our own research and analysis purposes and, in some cases, when permitted, provide access to such anonymized data, or analytics created from such data, to third parties. We may also use such information to create analytic models designed to predict, and potentially improve, outcomes and patient care. We are also subject to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, a set of requirements designed to help ensure that entities that Process credit card information maintain a secure environment.

On the federal level we are subject to a number of sector specific regulations. The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act ("HITECH") and the 21st Century Cures Act, Public Law 116-321, and as implemented by the regulation (collectively "HIPAA") impose requirements on covered entities and business associates that address the privacy and security of PHI. In the conduct of the majority of our business we may be either a covered entity or business associate, and we may also be held liable under HIPAA for violations by our vendors, including downstream services providers, that are business associates. HIPAA imposes contracting requirements and requires breach notifications. HIPAA also regulates permissible uses and disclosures of PHI; for example, HHS has issued guidance regarding tracking technologies that are used to collect and analyze information about how users interact with covered entities’ and business associates’ websites and mobile applications. Violations of HIPAA may result in enforcement actions, civil and criminal penalties and settlement, resolution, and monitoring agreements. Further, state attorneys general may bring civil actions seeking either injunctions or damages in response to violations of HIPAA that threaten the privacy of state residents and may negotiate settlements for related cases on behalf of their respective residents. There can be no assurance that we will not be the subject of an investigation, audit or compliance review regarding our compliance with HIPAA. HIPAA does not preempt more stringent state health privacy laws and regulations, which may protect the health information of certain individuals, such as minors, and certain types of sensitive health information, such as transgender care, HIV/AIDS status, reproductive health information, genetic information, and mental and behavioral health.

Other federal and state laws that restrict the use and protect the privacy and security of PII exempt data and/or entities subject to HIPAA, but several states, such as, Nevada, and Connecticut, have recently enacted privacy laws to protect consumer data and require consent for the collection, use, and sharing of consumer health data. These laws may impact our businesses and practices where data collected is outside the reach of HIPAA.

The federal government has also enacted final regulations on interoperability and information blocking to support the seamless and secure access, exchange and use of electronic health information by and between patients, enrollees and entities such as payors and health care providers. These regulations apply to a variety of entities and generally require significant enhancements to information technology and data governance practices. The regulations impact how industry participants, including us, comply with disclosure requirements and share information with individuals and other health care organizations.

The federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act ("GLBA") and its implementing regulations generally place restrictions on the disclosure of nonpublic information to nonaffiliated third parties, and requires financial institutions, including insurers, to provide customers with notice regarding how their nonpublic personal information is used, including an opportunity to "opt out" of certain disclosures. State departments of insurance and certain federal agencies adopted implementing regulations as required by federal law. In 2023, significant changes to GLBA's "Safeguards Rule" went into effect, substantially raising the GLBA standards for security, which are anticipated to be adopted by some state DOIs (as defined herein).

Additionally, under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act ("FTC Act"), the FTC has jurisdiction over certain privacy and security practices deemed unfair and deceptive acts and practices in or affecting commerce. The FTC has charged companies with violating this act based on failures to appropriately and transparently safeguard personal information, respect consumers' privacy rights, based on disclosures of health and personal information to third parties, the failure to limit third-party use of health information, the failure to implement policies and procedures to prevent the improper or unauthorized disclosure of health information, and the failure to provide notice and obtain consent before the use and disclosure of health information for advertising. In addition to the FTC Act, the FTC also enforces other federal laws relating to consumers' privacy and security. The FTC has also been active with respect to companies' use of big data and AI, specifically ensuring fair and equitable use of these tools, and the FTC has named AI as an area of enforcement focus. State legislatures and regulators are similarly interested in the use of AI, particularly as it is used in modeling, and a handful of states have either passed legislation or issued regulatory guidance concerning AI. Additionally, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"), an organization of state insurance regulators, recently established the Innovation, Cybersecurity and Technology Committee to provide a forum for regulators to learn, monitor and confer on emerging technology issues, including, among others, cybersecurity and AI. State Departments of Insurance ("DOI") and other state government agencies and legislatures are increasingly aware and active in providing guidance in the AI space.

In July 2023, the SEC approved final rules relating to cybersecurity disclosure obligations on reporting companies and such new disclosures can be found beginning on page .

The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 ("CISA") encouraged organizations to share cyber threat indicators with the federal government and, among other things, directed HHS to develop a set of voluntary cybersecurity best practices for organizations in the health care industry. States have also begun to issue regulations specifically related to cybersecurity, which may differ or conflict from state to state. In October 2017, the NAIC adopted the Insurance Data Security Model Law that creates rules for insurers and other covered entities addressing data security, investigation and notification of breaches. This includes maintaining an information security program based on ongoing risk assessment, overseeing third-party service providers, investigating data breaches

and notifying regulators of a cybersecurity event. As the model law is intended to serve as model legislation only, states will need to enact legislation for the model law to become mandatory and enforceable. To date, twenty-one states have enacted some form of the model law.

Over the past several years, the federal government has increasingly focused on the cybersecurity requirements applicable to government contractors, including enhanced guidance and regulation. These include compliance with the Privacy Act of 1974, the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement ("DFARS") cybersecurity requirements, the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification ("CMMC") (going into effect over the next four years and based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") standards), the Federal Information Security Modernization Act ("FISMA") and the White House's 2021 Executive Order on Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity.

Some local authorities are increasingly focused on protecting individuals from data or identity theft and every state has data security laws and regulations requiring, among other things, certain minimum data security standards and security breach notifications that may apply to us in certain circumstances, as well as certain limitations on access to and use of PII. These laws and regulations include state general data breach laws, which exist in all fifty states and protect PII generally, as well as DOI cybersecurity laws, applicable to various DOI licensees, such as insurers, PBMs and TPAs. Many states also have their own sector-specific laws regarding the Processing of PII which may apply to us as well. In the past few years, fourteen states have adopted their own comprehensive consumer privacy statutes and many more states are considering doing so. Generally, the statutes exempt data and/or entities regulated by GLBA and/or HIPAA but are, in varying respects, applicable to other data we collect, such as PII provided by website visitors, and in California, employees and business partners. Additionally, we anticipate federal and state legislators and regulators will continue to enact legislation related to privacy and cybersecurity.

In addition, international laws, rules and regulations governing the use and disclosure of PII can be more stringent than those in the United States, and they vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which became effective May 2018, enhanced or created obligations regarding the handling of PII relating to European residents (such as regarding notices, data protection impact assessments and individual rights) and provides for greater penalties for noncompliance than the previous European Directive or laws. In addition, many countries outside of Europe where we conduct business have implemented or may implement data protection laws and regulations, some of which include requirements modeled after those in the GDPR. Some non-U.S. jurisdictions are also instituting data residency regulations requiring that data be maintained within the respective jurisdiction or otherwise restricting transfer of personal data across borders unless specified regulatory requirements are met.

See Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" for a discussion of the risks related to compliance with privacy and security regulations.

Consumer Protection Laws

We engage in direct-to-consumer activities and are increasingly offering mobile and web-based solutions to our customers. We are therefore subject to federal and state regulations applicable to electronic communications and other consumer protection laws and regulations, such as the Telephone Consumer Protection Act and the CAN-SPAM Act. With the ever increasing reliance and demand by consumers on using their mobile devices for convenient communications, we face increased risk under these laws. The FTC is also increasingly exercising its enforcement authority in the areas of consumer privacy and data security, with a focus on web-based, mobile data and "big data." Federal consumer protection laws may also apply in some instances to privacy and security practices related to PII.

State and federal policymakers have taken actions intended to increase transparency and predictability of health care costs for consumers. For example, the Transparency in Coverage rule issued in October 2020 by the HHS, the DOL and the Department of the Treasury now requires most group health plans and health insurance issuers in the individual and group markets to publicly disclose price and cost-sharing information for all items and services to participants and enrollees. Health plans and health insurers must publicly disclose (i) in-network provider negotiated rates, and (ii) historical out-of-network allowed amounts and billed charges. The rule also required public disclosure of in-network negotiated rates and historical net prices for all covered prescription drugs, but the departments announced in August 2021 guidance that they will indefinitely defer enforcement of the rule's requirement that plans and issuers publish machine-readable files relating to prescription drug pricing pending further rulemaking. In 2023, we were required to make available to members personalized cost-sharing information for 500 covered health care items and services. In 2024, this cost-sharing information requirement will expand to all items and services, including prescription drugs. Insurers offering group or individual health insurance coverage may receive credit in their MLR calculations for certain savings they share with enrollees that result from the enrollees shopping for, and receiving care from, lower-cost, higher-value providers.

Congress also passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 ("CAA"), which included a number of transparency requirements on plans and issuers that are duplicative or overlap with the Transparency in Coverage rule issued by the departments. The indefinite enforcement deferral of the prescription drug pricing file under the Transparency in Coverage rule is, in part, due to the subsequent

enactment of the CAA, which requires plans to report information regarding prescription drug spending to federal regulators beginning in 2022. The CAA also included the No Surprises Act, which prohibits health care providers, in certain situations, from balance billing the patient and requires that they work directly with insurers to agree on out-of-network reimbursement, including utilizing an independent dispute resolution ("IDR") process outlined in the act. CMS regulations and guidance implementing the IDR process have been subject to a significant amount of provider-initiated litigation, and CMS has had to temporarily suspend federal IDR functions, including dispute initiation. Many states already have addressed balance billing, or surprise medical bills. These laws and regulations vary in their approach, resulting in different impacts on the health care system as a whole. In 2021, HHS, DOL and the Department of the Treasury, announced interim final rules ("IFR") intended to implement provisions of the No Surprises Act, certain provisions of which were vacated by a Federal district court in February and July 2022. The departments then issued a final rule on August 26, 2022, finalizing disclosure requirements relating to information that group health plans and health insurance issuers offering group or individual health insurance coverage must share about the Qualifying Payment Amount ("QPA"), which the departments have stated is generally based on the median contracted rate for a qualified IDR item or service, and requirements related to the consideration of information when a certified IDR entity makes a payment determination under the federal IDR process. In September and October 2023, the Departments announced proposed rules that outlined fees established for the federal IDR process and that would set forth new requirements relating to the disclosure of information that group health plans and health insurance issuers offering group or individual health insurance coverage must include along with an initial payment or notice of denial for payment for certain items and services subject to the surprise billing protections. The October 2023 proposed rule would also amend requirements related to the open negotiation period before the federal IDR process, the initiation of the federal IDR process, federal IDR dispute eligibility review, and the payment and collection of administrative fees and certified IDR entity fees.

Additionally, most states have consumer protection laws that have been the basis for investigations and multi-state settlements relating to financial incentives provided by drug manufacturers to retail pharmacies in connection with product conversion programs. Such statutes have also been cited as the basis for claims or investigations by state attorneys general relative to privacy and data security.

Office of Foreign Assets Control Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering

We are also subject to regulation by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, which administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign jurisdictions and regimes based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals. Certain of our products are subject to the Department of the Treasury anti-money laundering regulations under the Bank Secrecy Act. In addition, we are subject to similar regulations in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which we operate.

Corporate Practice of Medicine and Other Laws

Many states in which our subsidiaries operate limit the practice of medicine to licensed individuals or professional organizations comprised of licensed individuals, and business corporations generally may not exercise control over the medical decisions of physicians. Statutes and regulations relating to the practice of medicine, fee-splitting between physicians and referral sources and similar issues vary widely from state to state. Under management agreements between certain of our subsidiaries and physician-owned professional groups, these groups retain sole responsibility for all medical decisions, as well as for hiring and managing physicians and other licensed health care providers, developing operating policies and procedures, implementing professional standards and controls and maintaining malpractice insurance. We believe that our health services operations comply with applicable state statutes regarding corporate practice of medicine, fee-splitting and similar issues. However, any enforcement actions by governmental officials alleging noncompliance with these statutes could subject us to penalties or restructuring or reorganization of our business.

Utilization Management Laws

State legislatures have begun to propose and enact laws exempting certain providers from pre-authorization requirements of insurers. These exemptions reduce the ability for insurers and medical management entities to review services for medical necessity if the provider meets the law's established thresholds for approval rates in the preceding six months. The inability to apply pre-authorization requirements could lead to increased costs to plan issuers by way of the provision of unnecessary services. States are also standardizing the process for, and restricting the use of, utilization management rules and shortening the time frames within which prescription drug prior authorization determinations must be made. Even where states do not regulate pharmacy benefit or utilization management companies directly, these laws will apply to many of our clients, including managed care organizations and health insurers.

Laws and Legislation Affecting Pharmacy Benefit Plan Design, Administration and Pharmacy Network Access

Some states have enacted laws that prohibit managed care plan sponsors from implementing certain restrictive benefit plan design features, and many states have laws or have introduced legislation to regulate various aspects of managed care plans, including provisions relating to the pharmacy benefit. For example, some states, under so-called "freedom of choice" legislation, provide that customers of the plan may not be required to use network providers, but must instead be provided with benefits even if they choose to

use non-network providers. Some states have also enacted legislation that can negatively impact the use of cost-saving network configurations for plan sponsors, such as limiting the implementation of pharmacy benefit designs and reimbursement structures that leverage affiliate pharmacies to reduce costs. Other states have enacted legislation purporting to prohibit health plans from offering customers financial incentives for use of home delivery pharmacies. Medicare and some states have issued guidance and regulations that limit our ability to fill or refill prescriptions electronically submitted by a physician to our home delivery pharmacy without first obtaining consent from the patient. Such restrictions generate additional costs and limit our ability to maximize efficiencies, which could otherwise be gained through the electronic prescription and automatic refill processes. Legislation has been introduced in some states to prohibit or restrict therapeutic intervention, or to require coverage of all Food and Drug Administration approved drugs. Other states mandate coverage of certain benefits or conditions, and require health plan coverage of specific drugs if deemed medically necessary by the prescribing physician.

Additionally, Medicare Part D and a majority of states now have laws, regulations or some form of legislation affecting our ability, or our clients' ability, to limit access to a pharmacy provider network or remove a provider from a network. Such laws, regulations or legislation may require us or our clients to admit any retail pharmacy or provider willing to meet the plan's terms and conditions for network participation ("any willing provider") or may direct that a provider may not be removed from a network except in compliance with certain procedures ("due process").

Certain states have laws prohibiting certain pharmacy benefit management clients from imposing additional copayments, deductibles, limitations on benefits, or other conditions on covered individuals utilizing a retail pharmacy when the same conditions are not otherwise imposed on covered individuals utilizing home delivery pharmacies. However, the laws require the retail pharmacy to agree to the same reimbursement amounts and terms and conditions as are imposed on the home delivery pharmacies. An increase in the number of prescriptions filled at retail pharmacies may have a negative impact on the number of prescriptions filled through home delivery.

Pharmacy Benefit Manager and Drug Pricing Regulation

Our pharmacy benefit management services are subject to numerous laws and regulations. These laws and regulations govern, and proposed legislation and regulations may govern, critical practices, including: disclosure, receipt and retention of rebates and other payments received from pharmaceutical manufacturers; certain pharmacy contracting practices including disclosure of cost information to customers; the receipt and retention of transmission fees from contracted pharmacies; performance-based price concessions; pharmacy price concessions to drug prices at the point of sale; audits of contracted pharmacies; use of, administration of, or changes to drug formularies, the use and disclosure of maximum allowable cost ("MAC") pricing, or clinical programs; "most favored nation" pricing, which provides that a pharmacy participating in a specific government program must give the program the best price the pharmacy makes available to any third-party plan; disclosure of data to third parties; drug utilization management practices; the level of duty a pharmacy benefit manager owes its clients or customers; configuration of pharmacy networks; the operations of our subsidiary pharmacies; referrals to affiliated pharmacies; disclosure of negotiated provider reimbursement rates; disclosure of negotiated drug rebates, calculation of certain customer cost-share for prescription drug claims; pricing that includes differential or spread (i.e., a difference between the drug price charged to the plan sponsor by a pharmacy benefit manager and the price paid by the manager to the dispensing provider); disclosure of fees associated with administrative service agreements and patient care programs that are attributable to customers' drug utilization; utilization management; and registration or licensing of pharmacy benefit managers.

We expect federal and state governments to continue to prioritize means of addressing out-of-pocket costs for consumers, particularly related to prescription drug costs. Recently enacted legislation, such as the Inflation Reduction Act, which changed Medicare Part B beneficiary coinsurance for certain drugs and imposed caps on out-of-pocket prescription drug costs in Medicare Part D, and other policy proposals and regulations, such as proposed legislation aimed at providing transparency with respect to pharmacy benefit managers, vary broadly in their approaches to achieve that goal. Additionally, proposals at the federal and state levels consider increased regulation of pharmacy benefit managers and health plans as a means to limit consumer out-of-pocket costs, including: proposing to limit the use of various pharmacy benefit management tools; mandating the treatment of fees, discounts or financing mechanisms that otherwise are set in private contractual terms; increasing supply chain transparency; expanding regulatory requirements or definitions of fiduciaries; or 29 mandating plan benefit designs that cap consumer out-of-pocket expense. The NAIC has also proposed laws intended to protect consumer drug benefits and has examined regulatory approaches to pharmacy benefit manager business practices.

Some states have enacted statutes regulating the use of MAC pricing. These statutes, referred to as "MAC Transparency Laws," generally require pharmacy benefit managers to disclose specific information related to MAC pricing to pharmacies and provide certain appeal rights for pharmacies. MAC Transparency Laws also restrict the application of MAC and may require operational changes to maintain compliance with the law. Some states have also enacted laws regulating pharmacy pricing and protecting the profitability of pharmacies for dispensing certain MAC-priced drugs. Some states have enacted laws requiring that the customer cost-share for a prescription drug claim not exceed certain price points, such as the pharmacy's usual and customary charge or its contracted

reimbursement for the drug. In a recent Supreme Court decision, the Court found that certain MAC Transparency Laws may be applied by states to ERISA plans in addition to health plans regulated by the applicable state. Following this decision, state legislatures and regulators have sought to extend their oversight authority of self-funded ERISA plans to pharmacy benefit management functions and pharmacy benefit plan designs beyond MAC pricing.

The Medicaid Drug Rebate Program requires participating drug manufacturers to report certain information and pay rebates on drugs reimbursed through state Medicaid programs, in accordance with applicable law and regulation. We negotiate rebates with drug manufacturers and, in certain circumstances, sell services to drug manufacturers. Investigations are being and have been conducted by certain government entities involving manufacturer calculation and reporting with respect to rebates paid by the manufacturers to the Medicaid programs. Our PBM is not responsible for such calculations, reports or payments. There can be no assurance that our ability to negotiate rebates with, or sell services to, drug manufacturers will not be unfavorably affected by investigations or regulations in the future.

Pharmacy Regulation

Our home delivery and specialty pharmacies also subject us to extensive federal, state and local regulation. The practice of pharmacy is generally regulated at the state level by state boards of pharmacy, though our pharmacies are subject to laws described above under the headings "Privacy, Security and Data Standards Regulations" and "Consumer Protection Laws." We are licensed to do business as a pharmacy in the states in which our pharmacies are located and the health care professionals that we employ are also licensed by, and subject to, the laws and regulations of state boards of pharmacy and other governmental authorities. Most of the states into which we deliver pharmaceuticals have laws that require out-of-state home delivery pharmacies to register with, or be licensed by, the board of pharmacy or a similar regulatory body in the state. These states generally permit the pharmacy to follow the laws of the state where the pharmacy is located, although some states require compliance with certain laws in that state as it impacts or relates to drugs distributed or dispensed into that state.

Our various pharmacy facilities also provide services under certain Medicare and state Medicaid programs. Participation in these programs requires our pharmacies to comply with the applicable Medicare and Medicaid provider rules and regulations, and exposes the pharmacies to various changes the federal and state governments may impose regarding reimbursement methodologies, the submission of claims and amounts to be paid to participating providers under these programs. In addition, several of our pharmacy facilities are participating providers under Medicare Part D and are required to adhere to certain requirements applicable to Medicare Part D. Additionally, we are subject to CMS rules regarding the administration of our Medicare plans and pricing between our plans and related parties, including our pharmacy business.

Other statutes and regulations affect our home delivery and specialty pharmacy operations, including the federal and state anti-kickback laws, federal and state false claims acts and the federal civil monetary penalty law described above. Federal and state statutes and regulations govern the labeling, packaging, repackaging, compounding, storing, holding, disposal, distribution, advertising, misbranding, adulteration, transfer, handling and security of prescription drugs and the dispensing of prescription, over-the-counter, hazardous and controlled substances and certain of our pharmacies must register with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and individual state controlled substance authorities. The FTC requires mail order sellers of goods generally to engage in truthful advertising, to stock a reasonable supply of the product to be sold, to fill mail orders within thirty days and to provide clients with refunds when appropriate. The United States Postal Service also has significant statutory authority to restrict the delivery of drugs and medicines through the mail. Violations of pharmacy laws and regulations may result in warning letters, civil and criminal penalties, seizures, suspension, termination or revocation of licenses and registrations, restrictions on facilities or operations, and other enforcement actions.

Financial Reporting, Internal Control and Corporate Governance

Regulators closely monitor the financial condition of licensed insurance companies and HMOs. States regulate the form and content of statutory financial statements, the type and concentration of permitted investments and corporate governance over financial reporting. Our insurance and HMO subsidiaries are required to file periodic financial reports and schedules with regulators in most of the jurisdictions in which they do business as well as annual financial statements audited by independent registered public accounting firms. Certain insurance and HMO subsidiaries are required to file an annual report of internal control over financial reporting with most jurisdictions in which they do business. Insurance and HMO subsidiaries' operations and financial statements are subject to examination by regulators. Many states have expanded regulations relating to corporate governance and internal control activities of insurance and HMO subsidiaries as a result of model regulations adopted by the NAIC with elements similar to corporate governance and risk oversight disclosure requirements under federal securities laws.

Guaranty Associations, Indemnity Funds, Risk Pools and Administrative Funds

Most states and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions require insurance companies to support guaranty associations or indemnity funds that are established to pay claims on behalf of insolvent insurance companies. Some states have similar laws relating to HMOs and other payors, such as consumer operated and oriented plans (co-ops) established under the ACA. In the United States, these associations levy assessments on member insurers licensed in a particular state to pay such claims. Certain states require HMOs to participate in guaranty funds, special risk pools and administrative funds. For additional information about guaranty funds and other assessments, see Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Certain states continue to require health insurers and HMOs to participate in assigned risk plans, joint underwriting authorities, pools or other residual market mechanisms to cover risks not acceptable under normal underwriting standards, although some states have eliminated these requirements as a result of the ACA.

Solvency and Capital Requirements

Many states have adopted some form of the NAIC model solvency-related laws and risk-based capital ("RBC") rules for life and health insurance companies and HMOs. The RBC rules recommend a minimum level of capital depending on the types and quality of investments held, the types of business written and the types of liabilities incurred. If the ratio of the insurer's adjusted surplus to its RBC falls below statutorily required minimums, the insurer could be subject to regulatory actions ranging from increased scrutiny to conservatorship.

In addition, various non-U.S. jurisdictions prescribe minimum surplus requirements that are based upon solvency, liquidity and reserve coverage measures. Our HMOs and life and health insurance subsidiaries, as well as non-U.S. insurance subsidiaries, are compliant with applicable RBC and non-U.S. surplus rules.

The Risk Management and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment Model Act ("ORSA"), adopted by the NAIC, provides requirements and principles for maintaining a group solvency assessment and a risk management framework and reflects a broader approach to U.S. insurance regulation. ORSA includes a requirement to file an annual ORSA Summary Report in the lead state of domicile. To date, an overwhelming majority of the states have adopted the same or similar versions of ORSA. We file our ORSA report annually as required.

Holding Company Laws

Our domestic insurance companies and certain of our HMOs are subject to state laws regulating subsidiaries of insurance holding companies. Under such laws, certain dividends, distributions and other transactions between an insurance company or an HMO subsidiary and its affiliates may require notification to, or approval by, one or more state insurance commissioners. In addition, the holding company acts of states in which our subsidiaries are domiciled restrict the ability of any person to obtain control of an insurance company or HMO subsidiary without prior regulatory approval. State holding company laws and regulations also subject our insurance companies and certain HMO subsidiaries to additional regulatory scrutiny related to their oversight of affiliates performing regulated services on behalf of the insurance company or HMO and require the Company to file an annual Enterprise Risk Report, which summarizes material risks that could pose enterprise risk to the insurance company subsidiaries.

Marketing, Advertising and Products

In most states, our insurance companies and HMO subsidiaries are required to certify compliance with applicable advertising regulations on an annual basis. Our insurance companies and HMO subsidiaries are also required by most states to file and secure regulatory approval of products prior to the marketing, advertising and sale of such products. Additionally, our Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D plans must follow certain federal marketing and communications regulations. In April 2023, CMS issued a final rule revising regulations governing marketing by Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D plans. Among other things, the final rule requires enrollees to be notified of their ability to opt out of phone calls regarding Medicare Advantage and Part D marketing, requires agents to explain the effect of an enrollee’s enrollment choice on their current coverage, simplifies plan comparisons by requiring medical benefits to be listed in a specific order at the top of a plan’s Summary of Benefits, requires Medicare Advantage organizations and Part D sponsors to have an oversight plan that monitors activities of agents and brokers and to report noncompliance to CMS, and limits the time a potential enrollee may be contacted about Medicare plan options to 12 months after the enrollee first asked for information.

Licensing and Registration Requirements

Our insurance companies and HMO subsidiaries must be licensed by the jurisdictions in which they conduct business. Additionally, certain subsidiaries contract to provide claim administration, utilization management and other related services for the administration

of self-insured benefit plans. These subsidiaries may be subject to state third-party administration and other licensing requirements and regulation, as well as third-party accreditation requirements.

We have received full accreditation for URAC Pharmacy Benefit Management Standards version 3.1, which includes quality standards for drug utilization management, and select subsidiaries have received full accreditation for URAC Health Utilization Management version 7.4, which includes quality standards for medical utilization management.

Certain states have adopted pharmacy benefit management registration, licensure or disclosure laws. In addition to registration laws, some states have adopted legislation mandating disclosure of various aspects of our financial practices, including those concerning pharmaceutical company revenue, as well as prescribing processes for prescription switching programs and client and provider audit terms.

Our international subsidiaries are often required to be licensed when entering new markets or starting new operations in certain jurisdictions. The licensure requirements for these subsidiaries vary by country and are subject to change.

International Regulations

Our operations outside of the United States expose us to laws of multiple jurisdictions and the rules and regulations of various governing bodies and regulators, including those related to the provision of insurance, financial and other disclosures, the provision of health care-related services, corporate governance, privacy, data protection, data mining, data transfer, intellectual property, labor and employment, consumer protection, direct-to-consumer communications activities, tax, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering. Foreign laws and rules may include requirements that are different from, or more stringent than, similar requirements in the United States.

Our operations in countries outside of the United States:

• are subject to local regulations of the jurisdictions where we operate;

• in some cases, are subject to regulations in the jurisdictions where customers reside; and

• in all cases, are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA").

Anti-money laundering requirements in countries where we do business also may impose obligations to collect certain information about each customer at time of sale or to risk rank each customer to determine possible future money laundering risk.

The FCPA prohibits offering, promising, providing or authorizing others to give anything of value to a foreign government official or employee to obtain or retain business or otherwise secure a business advantage. Outside of the United States, we may interact with government officials in several different capacities: as regulators of our insurance business; as clients or partners who are state-owned or partially state-owned; as health care providers who are employed by the government; as hospitals that are state-owned; and as officials issuing permits in connection with real estate transactions. Violations of the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws may result in severe criminal and civil sanctions as well as other penalties, and the SEC and DOJ have increased their enforcement activities with respect to FCPA. The UK Bribery Act of 2010 applies to all companies with a nexus to the United Kingdom. Other countries in which we do business also have anti-corruption laws to which we are subject. As international regulators often share information, any voluntary disclosures of violations may be shared with authorities in other countries, thus potentially exposing companies to liability and potential penalties in multiple jurisdictions.

CI - Cigna Group

Company Overview

Sector Information

Other Information